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Common Mucosal Immune System
Jiri Mestecky
Monday, Sept. 23, 2019 · 1:03 p.m. · 52m 00s
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ladies and gentlemen ha source therefore thank you for your kind introduction and i'd like to thank
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the organisers for giving me the opportunity to talk about the common cool so that means is that
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on the first slide i have outline of roughly what our people
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uh specifically function advantages of stick with thirty minutes ago i ga origin of flight ga
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induction theme in the responses common equals leniency stand and
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mainly the future studies which i think should be performed
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to uh exploring the nipples lenient system of
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the medical and for the prevention of certain diseases
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oh
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first slide deals with the new goes so uh with advantages of secretary i. g. eight
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not too many people really all that idea in the mail is enough all died and i
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will carry more like another but two or four one nice thing that we've got so far bridges
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which enormously enhances its neutral i think a good number of
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papers published mainly from great britain and from all over the rate
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really shopping that you know if you have more number you have to
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completion bindings us and if not only with it for and affordable or
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um project that actually it's not that the balls
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effect of modify violence indicates that actually in that
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unless you have have that that's what even thousand times today that improvising activity then you get the more
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so this bonus effect of a marker then once
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it is enormously important particularly for ga in external secretions
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generally speaking i g. i. is quite resistant tuberculosis which
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is on this which is absolutely necessary for the survival
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as we had from that the uh would have to do this tract which is full of different enzymes
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my cursor sure beautifully in the he was lucky that he had that patients with multiple my or
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more with null and it would be that the i. g. g. n. i. g. a. double milo must
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and show very beautifully the i. g. a. is is probably and by informal i sit back and think
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which is good for new courses that visions articles of issues
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i started bouncing generate ah published in nature previously i. g. g. in there because of the shape
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can activate after the joining the antigen get activated complement cascade influx
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of putting more from one side and damage the knuckles of fish
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which is not the case i chase as because i ga
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outcome beats a i. g. g. yeah a complement mediated acted
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h. the other interesting and uh sorry about the recent development
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a showing that i. g. m. worker has actually two important function
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wow with specific antibody activity that classical antiquity and second as a
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carrier of in a in a you do it's a carbohydrate might
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security is very heavily like oscillates and then twelve
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percent of total molecular mass this contributed by car point
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and as you will see on the next slide these carbohydrates can very actively interfere at least in detroit
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with the binding of bacteria or even viruses microorganisms
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the the receptor us on the the idea cells so it's a wonderful important function
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a broad spectrum of that act antigen activities which reflect next function external environment
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ah in addition of bacteria adherence to as well as viruses to uh i said to sort the serious hours
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and so the binding of factors of innate immunity suggest new same locked offered in
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and locked up the roxy days it enhances all focuses the activity of innate factors
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although given and the gen which is recognised by antibody which is associated or link with the substances
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this is a molecule of i. g. l. a. here we have f. a.
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b. fragment f. a. b. f. a. b. c.'s dinosaur for indigent bindings side
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i got this in in it they uh at the completion of specific antibodies
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his f. c. region which contains the suggestion also sort of cyclical component
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which is a phonetic in middle separate tax uh i i said that expressed on it yourself
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and in yellow orange and uh i had you have lots
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of carbohydrates which i wish to all and except for the arch
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and these carbohydrates are sort of stick out and very effectively ah
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tool um a bacteria to sigh like oh microorganisms too so i guess it models
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and so on and in the end it in that action with a curious else
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ah this is just a slight had about it but not in ah differences it's
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p. c.'s i. g. g. in the middle of days cows horses and so on
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uh f. c. uh out in the receptor transported through at
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the furious hours and for the first thirty six hours of life
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picked up back to us as in the data of these animals and i. g. what justin that the circulation so
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that classical i. g. in the because this disease in humans and there is very little of i. g. s. so
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okay okay i will surely in previous slides to come in on these i. g. a. if
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in a dime eric automatic for it has to be you know with many format containing change
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without it would not be picked up by the receptor on it this year yourself and it stays in the uh
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that truman or nickel so surfaces there was one paper many
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years ago but oh graph showing that actually a little bit
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of or trace amounts of i. g. a. from you are a little bit about the circulation but it was a very
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small amount and said i'm not significant with respect to the
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protection so this is a very marked s. p. c.'s difference
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uh as it is more like a properties of i. g.
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a. and why we were able to where it comes from
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as i said in the old done that because the dramatic form sixty percent the referee die maybe forty percent that the money in
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zero nine nineteen ninety five to ninety nine percent more methodology to hit well gee
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then he once you have to uh some prices apply g. i. g. one and i
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jane do when only the chimpanzees and gorillas and to a certain degree uh or bands
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do i g. subclasses all of this pieces mindset ads by angus
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other funds you may may have only one i. g. i. so that
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which structure resembles human i. g. two not right
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g. one g. one is income for number of reasons
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when you'll see i by the way a funny thing in our homes and it's not on the bike and
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so on ah thought thing for the last one one
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four one e. so that's uh unusual situation in this disease
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ah okay in milk we have roughly fifty percent of my german thirty percent of
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i. g. a. to in serum eighty five percent fifteen percent all of these data clearly
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sit it in big a. o. suggest that the high g. no does not done from the circulation
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i just produced locally as you will see bare bottom assaults present in
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i like taking memory going well i. g. focus regulations from the bone marrow
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this is an interesting story ah many years ago some smart and this from the right side from new york
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it had a bit better for bob of patience
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with thank you imported it to him yeah put it in the drum with radioactive
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c. c. and so the actor bob lot went in and return into the thing
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and that they mention the levels of communal opulence in so i i mean in circulation
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circulatory i. g. g. i. g. i. g. no change
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whatsoever because the cells people might get it through the
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um through their um sent knowledge wow i g. i.
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inside that beset be really indicate that to the yeah the
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age they killed the south which are on their way
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to populate solitary vines for the energy into energy producing cells
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ah the other interesting point ah concerns the
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a probability of minimal contribution from the circulation
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ah many years ago about a block or are from
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vitamins and formal head announces rubber very in a uh belgium
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ah injected i'd actively lie but i. g. aim automatic
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body maddy i. g. g. i'll be human and so on
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into the patients into volunteers and collective extant secretions particularly got situations
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and to the great surprise only very small amount one percent
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of total idea in extensive regions was completed big from the circulation
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we didn't i didn't because story and i started using and back you get
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big and the movies that you don't think about our from x. cooper slide
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grace and back to get the big and the bodies do not my on my probing these were patients
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with i. g. i. o. i. g. g. my walmart or idea most probably yeah
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and he produced on the breezes recognises specifically into a bit to get the minutes on these mobile and people
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and we collect saliva and have uh i i examined the for the presence of these my all my bro brains
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and again one percent of total energy and saliva country although those boring that i i
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g. a. b. j. g. it was not effectively transport why do i even mention that
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well using modern technology one could easily produce now in large quantities
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problematic i. g. they would give an antibody specificity and
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think well if i injected intravenously our prototype because it's probably medical
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g. transported uh protect a accent executions including mail by the way
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and to obviously for these reasons which i mentioned it's not going to happen because even bali medic i. g.
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from the circulation does not contribute to the pool of i.
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g. a. in saliva so that a method of enhancing passively enhancing
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immunity inexpensive visions probably including mail will not work
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ah this is a from a paper product the brown sector here probably the density of
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in the antibody producing cells in different issues including the memory line as you can see on the slide
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uh the numbers of this is a number of cells per square millimetre
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so you can see that a memory landlocked dating the medical
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and yeah we were making money runs into that problem like
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uh after the scent as in the part it when someone the bureau go
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and surprisingly collective agreements about twelve i. g. a. i. g. d. producing cells
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and indeed after seattle years have more i. g. a. than any other external secretions
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and of course can only goes up full of i. g. a. producing sounds very high density of the sites
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ah apologised for this lot didn't get transferred but uh properly but i will say that lease
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um about i. j. n. i. g. a. one and i. g. two antibodies
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when you evaluate a levels of although you know problems in your you will see
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tremendous variability depending on the date of collection how you collect it and how you process
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usually as i said in her hands every sixty percent fifty percent
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i. g. one i. g. tool in the hands of british uh
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investigate the sixty percent of my g. to forty percent of my g. one why is that important
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well just like was i. g. g. subclasses i. g. a. one and i
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ga to also exhibit it's specific antibody activity dependent on the time of the antigen
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so i g. antibodies to do protein antigens blind left out do you mean
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uh but ought to go build in humane anti protein antibodies
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in i. g. i. so that i usually i ga one
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well antibodies to antigens which don't think probably saw cataracts and we read that probably okay at um
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ah many go go go go go curl up and a normal local police okay
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right and l. p. s. those antibodies are more present in i. g. two supplies
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i think that's relatively important particularly for the intestinal tract and sensitivity to put all this
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is because i. g. two is more resistant to prove towards is that i. g. one
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i j. one can be grieved by a family of enzymes
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code i. g. one produce is produced by number of pathogenic bacteria
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ah
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not induction of antibodies in milk a local and system administration as you
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can imagine particularly in the industry also for the times have been made
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to use specific antibodies middle of colours she uh and so on
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well that would be nice either through the act of the
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mammary gland or injection into the property issue of the medical and
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and use some antibodies but interestingly and we got this disease to
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interestingly most of these antibodies or the i. g. i. sort out
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the best paper that i could find was published actually you're in
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uh switzerland many years ago in the journals immunology but the leakage
00:13:48
we should very nicely in that it's where i g. l. which have i. g. i. eyes that domain and people in the mail
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that much you know nice logo in america and in all with with or without a german
00:14:01
the dominant responses i. g. g. not i. g. a. and there was a significant local information
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so we're local information into the city gory violence including
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memory grand valley very going to just been done a
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number of studies for news injuries dental carries and so
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on is not a particularly useful method because of approach
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because of the induction of feel good information and will i ga responses
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ah a musician by the system make out like all the way over actually to ask him
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if you notice of anything with her and people would be nice system it really good antibodies email
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and he referred to to what newspapers with his collaborators in june of infectious diseases
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well so how about lubbock scene given system agrees up with any asleep
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in use some antibodies in male coffee what they think ladies they had
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uh about the little late after the minimisation it was not an immediate response
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but that may not find for example study were like dating women would be immune
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i system it with the influenza virus and somebody will get antibodies to the light
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i think it was think a paper which i found uh oh sorry
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uh which are found in the litter chip concern the differences are off immune
00:15:18
response to mail in different groups of people living under different conditions swedish women
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but in the nicest technically with so i with the the braille correct scene
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and maybe not generate antibodies in the mail that good antibodies
00:15:34
in the circulation energy and so on but not in that
00:15:37
but when the same sex scene was given to women in pakistan or in other words in an environment that
00:15:44
the video is a rockabilly or frequent the frequently present
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and these women usually have been exposed to the body
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one thing i systematically they did get some antibodies about i. g. i. so type
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in the executions so if you have previously nipples sully exposed to a given and pigeon
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and then in the nicest unlikely you making use some specific idea into bodies in external seclusion
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i know but uh the blue with so that somehow the indigent would behave the same way we do not know
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yeah this is a a summary of studies perform for number of years particularly initially
00:16:27
in the laboratory off our great friend and cory unfortunately done
00:16:31
few years agency or demonstrated in his classical paper with susan great
00:16:38
published in journals experimental maybe saying that selves which form antibodies in new cool should issue
00:16:45
originate from so good in that decides in this case in bias patches in
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the investing dispatches of course uh been in the literature from number of reasons
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originally some people thought that they were equivalent of birds also bush's of birds
00:17:00
and consider the source of b. cells and so on and indeed in sam's pieces
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such as she'd ah on that basis the birth of t. cells is not in the bone
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marrow wiping humans but it is in these new go so size set closer to than this
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and supplies spacewalks are uh the structures but the cells are bones of the
00:17:23
site primary organs web pieces i generated which is not the case in humans
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but i i've been uh uh back to see better uh when they transferred cells from rabbits
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the whole window selectively populate it back and they got the alarming appropriate or other groups
00:17:41
of issue so this was one of the most important papers published because immunology in those years
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this was a uh expressive instrument will be later and i'll talk about it uh i said that switch
00:17:55
direct or conduct but the cell logo into what you should based on
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expression of so called home increase that that's on surfaces of an imprecise
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and there are recognised by the lincoln's on endothelial cells of
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post popular then use an uh an incorrect from the circulation and
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populate these issues but terminally differentiated under the influence of the
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so perhaps talk did you use our product into energy producing cells
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but many many studies since that time have been done off
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uh i would i remind us of one really very important
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paper but beaumont got married uh who really show that in
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the rabbits what me nice orally with director formulated normal cox
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memory go and all mail from these overly nice that it's produced secretary
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i. g. s. specific for the hope that that is for bennett refining
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so he was the first one to show that indeed
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or nineteen seventy three that organisation of edits with this
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up then on carrier uses secretary antibodies in new york
00:19:08
so what evidence we we have a vocal menu go some
00:19:10
immune system humans that is is that where in that besides
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our source of cells which subsequently populate remote affects what evidence do we have
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as i will show and the yeah actually look at
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it it's a spectrum of antibodies yep which reflects exposure
00:19:31
of the recipient to uh or a bacteria foot indigent
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and spare and this is an interesting story a piece i'm not the sex or just but uh we were
00:19:42
condemned by sperm antibodies and blow great surprise human milk
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from healthy women or even those who were in fact that
00:19:50
at relatively high forty percent of what it ought to be high tide the soft
00:19:54
antibodies to spare and it was good to write a what was this thing is
00:20:00
obviously not broken obviously not the system e. h. intervention overture
00:20:06
network if you knowledge say that's induction but antibody something usable
00:20:11
number of study since that time have been perform showing that
00:20:14
actually genital tract female engine the trick is extremely poor side
00:20:19
and woke assimilation engine to track doesn't help but then if you look at the sex or logical literature
00:20:25
something to do ninety percent of heterosexual couples engage
00:20:30
an oral intercourse and some forty percent location into factor
00:20:35
ah intercourse and in most situations of course but um is the deposit it in the sides
00:20:43
of intact decisive because in the rectum as you will see their so called active don't so
00:20:48
which resembles accumulation of pierce patches and therefore is the source and i wouldn't like that
00:20:54
sell switch populate opinion concert issues so apparently
00:20:58
sexual packed this is directly influence and how
00:21:01
the reason for the presence of antibodies against unusual antigens spam in hindsight is inhuman no
00:21:09
so one has to be a read a little bit more
00:21:12
than just um ah how these antigens and the the human body
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ah detection another reason huh oh i know the evidence for the presence of
00:21:26
these antibodies determination of antibodies including in the user
00:21:29
generated executions after or the next big decision and
00:21:33
i'll show the number of these studies and then detection of antibodies if eating cells in perry for blah
00:21:39
you can get you the south switch will populate mammary glands or solitary glance because
00:21:45
espresso unique set of except this on the surface this would you direct their way
00:21:50
i think this slide i can skip because what you showed us actually more antigens and i have this one
00:21:56
and uh the only one i didn't he didn't show sperm but i talked about it
00:22:02
so we'll look at uh the next slide which is common mucus remit system in humans
00:22:08
ah orally administered i live attenuated polio virus vaccine
00:22:13
or one channel that is and by our german here that were already there's
00:22:19
that got on and i don't know was also a but what i used
00:22:24
uh only a virus vaccine given systematically sock mexican and save
00:22:28
indexing given into or i mean overly and then they collect
00:22:33
it unfortunately none of the meanest a person's well like dating
00:22:37
female that they collected nasal secretions and do what we see each
00:22:43
and the race out in his paper was the first one to
00:22:47
demonstrate that indeed systemic i mean you go swimming innovation we'll in use
00:22:52
and people rescind external secretions of the nose and all that uh that
00:22:58
wow systemic musician bill and these antibodies watch a so that was one of the landmark papers
00:23:06
in the history of the musician differences
00:23:09
between you also versus a system the communication
00:23:14
we followed with this work in our lab but or at least in ah orally administered in being a star whose
00:23:20
it and this is the bacteria which causes that varies but
00:23:23
with the strain against which we do not be existing antibodies
00:23:28
that and the genders put in the gelatin capsules and they go
00:23:31
to ah oh i did and then collect years so ah intestinal flora
00:23:39
and in one case one on volunteers was or the mother so we're
00:23:43
also some milk and almost a very nice that by just should be
00:23:49
we can generate in parallel antibodies or these extensive regions although there was no will relation
00:23:57
so how do you use that plenty of people these things that or maybe this like that was the thing that that's also disseminate
00:24:05
and later on that the search of kentucky was in the lead and numbers tapering been yes
00:24:11
correct their i. d. cells that your hands when they hear fit certain
00:24:15
days after the asian how they disappear when the antibodies and so on
00:24:20
so we provided not with you more about also so a lot of parameters of the same responses
00:24:26
ah in the next target which we have done in cooperation with that the compiler
00:24:32
we will really or like totally and i explained why exactly because i was so excited
00:24:38
with some or not i feed you want twenty one i use with maxine here are used in this country
00:24:45
against the typhoid fever and uh we meanest
00:24:49
already collected in use antibodies in the years uh
00:24:53
so i bought and sold as our show and one of the
00:24:55
next slide so again organisation or acted minimisation generated a general iced
00:25:03
immune responses in situations that lines which were removed from the side of a musician
00:25:10
and since that time a number of studies have been done with the interim is or something well
00:25:16
a nice a nice organisation of black seems particularly influenza
00:25:20
virus vaccine to use specific antibodies in this then the secretions
00:25:25
so here we have a scheme of the common mucus lenient system in that besides these are
00:25:30
the principal wants nasal respiratory tract associated linford
00:25:35
issues mainly working folk from cali that be nonstop
00:25:39
and get associated leave with issues of present him dominant in the small intestine but
00:25:44
'cause i mention also that affect them as active down so as in that this ah
00:25:50
cells from the sides migrate the circulation sleepless cap and gown caged in there
00:25:57
i did that that could be formation and so on and then they populate various
00:26:02
uh effect assign it's such a source project i guess or it doesn't act and so
00:26:07
uh there are some differences i think it's the next like yes some differences with respect
00:26:12
to do source of the or origin in the industry side and the whole mean different effects
00:26:19
as you can see from the maze associated linford issue domain and i said these awful but that one
00:26:27
diamond on surfaces of lymphocytes which populations these tissues the
00:26:31
snow is an interesting flight from that the better than sex
00:26:35
the snow is that there is no no one who because nobody has
00:26:40
the homing precept that in one which i expressed on the says which populate updating the midline
00:26:48
from the got to the domain on the set the awful for better seven which directs the
00:26:53
cells to go to small interest in watching the students on partly to do a a gent track
00:27:01
so i think the size of innovation what does it mean for vaccine knowledge as i mentioned locally
00:27:06
sponsored them on differences between the size is what's
00:27:10
p. c.'s but generally speaking it's not very effective
00:27:13
a blind and pigeons on side where there is no inductees the shoe present that is seven types affected
00:27:19
furious cells be so's this doesn't sound doesn't give a
00:27:22
good responses systemic as i mentioned earlier depends on the
00:27:27
type of immune response um ah previous experience of the recipient
00:27:34
of the vaccine if previous expulsion consulate you may generate something
00:27:38
really responsive and the the combination of bugle certain systemic about
00:27:43
common it goes with immune system but we have now ah
00:27:47
uh several vaccines in humans there are six like scenes currently available given by the yugoslav
00:27:53
how to ah life probably or about the virus influenza virus which is an environmentally children
00:28:00
was this continued for two years but i think the last it was against unions they did
00:28:04
the vaccine is affectation children not particularly effective in dallas because
00:28:09
we do have preexisting and the police which making their c.
00:28:13
with the effectiveness of the next thing that it's infection with uh like i was in generating the immune response
00:28:18
i dunno virus for children and someone not by few bacteria and the bureaucratic
00:28:23
seen the original developed in sweden by uh by a subject it's kinda uh
00:28:32
what is that
00:28:34
no it doesn't it will come down number of but that in no vaccines available
00:28:38
false uh for a young one dancer number of vaccines as for difference pieces of animals
00:28:46
uh chickens whatever and interesting point is vaccine for vaccines fish industry which is a
00:28:51
tremendous problem because as you almost four months a number of other fish are kept
00:28:57
uh no not cold enough action but that that was in files and these animals are united
00:29:02
by the or or like by even a um ah a pathogen and next to the fee
00:29:10
and i mean i haven't generate antibodies not only in the circulation but also on surfaces of the
00:29:15
ah i mean most of the fish yeah many advantages to so many advantages to be goes with like scenes
00:29:23
as you see on the slide it's inexpensive you don't carry there is l. p. s. or combination
00:29:29
ah you don't need hinges needles you don't need to have this to injected all servers uh or a nurses
00:29:36
ah messing musician it in one day orally or or get away
00:29:40
entirely easily you can uh be nice hundreds of thousands of people
00:29:44
disadvantages of mucus limitation variable absorption of antigens we do not have
00:29:49
a very good job on usable humans which would enhance the immune response
00:29:55
and the existing immunity right yes straight when you use the same and pigeon to the effective way
00:30:04
on the next slide i think which is one before the last uh
00:30:07
common mucus immune system human memory klein we don't have a whole lot beta
00:30:12
on the medical and with respect to the various items of a musician and silence which out there because
00:30:19
to obtain samples of the got to buy out that's not the large problem
00:30:24
but to paint issue from like dating a woman is very difficult
00:30:29
but as i mentioned we have in direct maybe does presence of dozens of antibodies to everything you can imagine
00:30:39
well
00:30:41
we will go back
00:30:48
huh thank them or something
00:30:51
now that's the next one uh_huh
00:30:55
anyway ah ah there was a paper which i wanted to mention published by a doctor
00:31:03
uh oh guess colleagues and one and then hands and was of course our main nature
00:31:09
what the immune nice like thinking women with a special strain or why uncollected mail
00:31:17
and collecting the and separate it sells and fruits and i
00:31:20
didn't use very nicely antibodies to the string of equal i
00:31:25
yeah the it but that didn't work oh yeah
00:31:29
golden thing it's the so call either yeah in a nice them and so i
00:31:36
knew specific in the rescinded and more surprising when they took cell fraction from that no
00:31:42
and it uh yeah nice black essay you may remember what
00:31:46
it is a little sighs compete with antigen makes whatever in general
00:31:49
then you add compliment and develop number of plaques
00:31:53
up to ten percent of total cells produce specific and
00:31:58
well that was a great challenge for us because we worked under male canon milk cells
00:32:03
and we wanted to know what kind of cells are responsible for
00:32:06
the production of such it and then that's not an unusual number
00:32:10
of cells producing antibodies and on top of it they could develop applied not
00:32:15
only with anti g. a. but also with so good and basically to the component
00:32:20
which is a a set their remaining associated doing it transacted irreversible
00:32:25
so we spend a lot of time on correct arising the service ah and
00:32:32
with the help of number of people we show that actually in human male we do not have in it
00:32:39
ah the sars ah but isn't and as that ogre showed in a relatively
00:32:43
small numbers the main south in the milk is microfiche probably more from glucose sign
00:32:49
and only roughly ten percent of total sells out in full size and
00:32:52
most of those are cells not be sense but be so so certainly doesn't
00:32:58
but they are not simply think antibodies we examine the cells histology player
00:33:04
and i've been sustaining human of fluorescent with invite yeah in biology
00:33:08
and so on until great surprise but you know for instance the cells
00:33:13
actually i'm not only for i. g. i. but also for secretary component and for
00:33:17
both subclasses bought myself employees only one g. one o. i. g. two but not both
00:33:22
and i thought oh mall morrow who spent three years in the lap looked at hundreds of us
00:33:27
some mail by you know like the microscopy and he would be the single plus most of the
00:33:32
and then we analysed the cells from the blacks from the yet necessary by looking at the morphology
00:33:38
of the central stuff and again there were no
00:33:40
plus muscles there and most importantly uh the blacks
00:33:46
would not be inhibited information by addition of sidetrack summit because like
00:33:50
like some i'd in uses i mean stops by synthesis of proteins
00:33:55
so if you had but uh before you like it if you add to the cell cycle x. amount
00:34:00
you breathe and the formation of blacks which was not the case that milk so
00:34:06
but anyway we on on our eyes does the cells for
00:34:08
their final types and their responses if you add i have six
00:34:13
to be so that differentiate very promptly within a day
00:34:17
or two into antibodies including cell scores to be says did
00:34:22
but with my project which is the t. cell depend then um michael gender jean uses in kind of
00:34:27
a blob in humans don't mind body humans generation of
00:34:31
and people speaking cell spot muscles and so on well
00:34:36
uh you have just the cells there and the artist has them but nothing happened so we headed
00:34:40
the cells of the same dormant from the better for brought the cells did not differentiate
00:34:45
and finally you can pass all these thousands of standby or higher
00:34:51
and you can sell switch t. v. g. o. g. m. i. g. a.
00:34:55
when we did that with male generally it was not successful with feel feel so not transform above and
00:35:01
in those two individuals will be get get tons formation
00:35:05
do dominant i suppose i geology and very too much
00:35:09
so obviously these fellas were not present the yes and the police like alright
00:35:14
but the cells which are carriers of o. g. i. is that lucia a model
00:35:18
show but electron microscopic baltimore for local local sites and macrophages this is a staining
00:35:25
for i. g. and you see i j.'s in very nice can use within focus it excels
00:35:30
this is male goal be you again i g. in the middle of
00:35:34
that will be all and this is a classic apartments only the beautiful sorry
00:35:38
they are beautiful and topless make a take you on a portable some sickly thinking you know globally
00:35:44
so the i. g. a. which is present in silence is associated both with focus it
00:35:50
excels which do expressly set this f. c. how far is that there's on their surfaces
00:35:55
that that they thought and others speculated that this i. g. a. associate it with selves
00:36:01
is important in the release and protection in in the when the cell dicing they invested
00:36:07
so we calculated the amount of local i. g. a. free i. g.
00:36:11
n. i. j. associated with the cells a supply say that measured by yeah
00:36:17
oh i such that then maybe even a say and finally found out that
00:36:21
actually i've only owned all all four percent of total energy right associated cell
00:36:27
yes they may have i. g. a. but the amount in comparison to the
00:36:31
free i. g. a. which we have normal in notice very negligible amount for each
00:36:37
last two slides um this is a study which we have down
00:36:41
there with that become bella and other some other studies from the literature
00:36:46
uh looking at the induction off and people we skim milk after various amounts of i
00:36:51
mean is it should maison sub lingo oral electoral act upon so walking that our budget
00:36:56
and as you can see all the south would different degree and depending on the front page and
00:37:02
induce antibodies in various situations that you know about this ineffective
00:37:07
it's a except for all of books in the sub unit antigens given that aboriginal e.
00:37:12
seem like minimal immune responses but we have absolutely no idea how for example intern is assembling work
00:37:18
oh oh musician would induce antibodies in mail order to the musician
00:37:23
police in milk so this is something which there has to be done
00:37:27
then uh the study with the compiler used to call a commercially available some
00:37:31
of what i see the one twenty one a vaccine if given to women
00:37:35
or a little correctly that would not like taping but we could collect here so live on
00:37:39
is it all of these fruits and see them and as you can see that would be forensics
00:37:44
according to the same indigent but differences in the immune response in different compartments
00:37:50
if the vaccine was given orally or acted electronic simple great surprise stipulated facts rather than people
00:37:56
easy to use and in these situations and of course indirect the fruit as you would expect
00:38:01
or i mean it's a shame very nicely in saliva off an invasion afflicts
00:38:07
so this is the last slide which i have which sort of summarise if we
00:38:11
don't have and perhaps should address in our future studies i which goes limitation routes
00:38:19
are affected in the direction of antibodies email you don't know
00:38:22
that is except organisation interim isn't something work as not being heavily
00:38:29
what other senate arts and responses of uh the
00:38:32
cells a memory going again this would direct that's
00:38:36
to drop of innovation because been awful for but problem awful but the seven
00:38:40
so it would be determined which out of innovation maybe more effective
00:38:45
whether it's the nasal or or or like that we don't know but
00:38:50
ah duration of immune responses after different there is a good musician i would
00:38:56
note that is we don't know that that except for few antigens we looked at
00:39:01
and and how they should differences this is this point which you are
00:39:04
addressing relatively recently because of a disease called by jane it's rubber thing
00:39:10
it's the most common fried this in the world i'll
00:39:13
accept it's absurd in africa and and no african americans
00:39:19
and nobody y. o. and
00:39:24
so we looked rich literature along go into i jennifer but the but to say that simply we do
00:39:30
not have data in the literature dealing with the maturation
00:39:35
in in the response fifth depending on the racial association
00:39:39
we don't know but the a i. g. a. system amigos
00:39:43
immunity in african americans drop the same a. s. a. incorporation
00:39:48
we do not know i couldn't find a single paper dealing with the levels of i. g. a.
00:39:53
the uh related to the maturation or age of the agent
00:39:58
in the white shouldn't we know basically no idea a a dog lovers achieve do but but
00:40:03
a one or two years or kids don't have much energy any but maybe integrations but not the circulation
00:40:09
but we really don't know anything we don't know anything about
00:40:11
milk of wide versus uh african americans or african black women
00:40:17
which may be important and of course i'm one interesting point would be to determine
00:40:23
a musician but that's when the antibodies in mail stop d. how long visitors
00:40:30
so i'd rather write better thank you for attention
00:40:36
how do i make sure it was a supple talk only questions we have plenty of time
00:40:47
yes good work out
00:40:54
so where is the secret re adjacent disaster that gets into the wrigley
00:40:59
it's produced locally my boss muscles distribute it uh in and then like a line
00:41:05
which are adjacent to the p. t. s. the product problematic injection containing i. g. a.
00:41:12
wines to that except on epithelial cell except the
00:41:16
remains associate on cycles in forty five minutes after
00:41:21
the release of the other ad c. g. i. in other what secretary i g.'s productive two sets
00:41:29
but yeah after the boss muscle producing i. g. a. n. g. chain
00:41:34
and the theory yourself which expresses this so
00:41:37
called sacrificial receptor problematic figure receptor which remains associated
00:41:43
with i. g. gets good used portal quickly just before the seclusion and gets into the new
00:41:48
so productive to sell some of that is that the answer so
00:41:53
as i said problematic i. g. a. from the circulation you would
00:41:56
expect would also be a picked up by a pretty muggy set
00:42:00
there and we're going to milk or so i but it doesn't
00:42:04
we don't know why that been sick speculates and i think correctly
00:42:08
that because of the locally produced i. g. a. sort of hold competes
00:42:13
the i. g. from the circulation which is in minute quantities in healthy individuals
00:42:18
so that there has no chance to get into that extends efficiency to milk or so i
00:42:23
so just to cells if they're two souls jury where they're coming from
00:42:29
oh it yourself about that what is that are becoming turn inductor side and it got because uh oh i
00:42:35
thought it's a natural style which is where to begin with but uh blah marcel as i try to uh uh
00:42:42
they come by uh when cases of bob mathias come from different into the fine
00:42:47
and the big question is what is the dominant indirectly fight for a mail format
00:42:52
line of my personal feeling although i know a that would be that if they got
00:42:58
because after all the product of the memory go and ends up
00:43:01
in that got of bucket and therefore the milk mass the flak
00:43:06
and to jamaica experience of the market before protect the chart with i guess the same antigens
00:43:13
yes
00:43:17
ah ah ah ah ah ah because
00:43:25
ah well who ah e. h.
00:43:33
well that's how men can do you do this to you oh
00:43:43
or you would not seem very hard
00:43:52
influence of like xena a given interim easily which is
00:43:55
a live attenuated that cold adapted thirty s. work done
00:44:00
a virus develop originally it n. i. h. but after brian murphy another s.
00:44:05
is available in this country you know i don't know what is available in
00:44:10
your i'm saying it's available in this country again because some two years ago
00:44:14
because of reduced effectiveness of the vaccine was discontinued it was used like for five years
00:44:20
then somebody probably is the big paper string the you show a whole lot of protection and the vaccine was this continue
00:44:27
but it was reinstated the roughly two years ago you up at the attrition i don't know what they do
00:44:32
or even stated again and sexy is available and it's recommended for children
00:44:36
as an interim nasal life attenuated vaccine so it is available not the virus
00:44:41
vaccine that two of them available in the united states even but we're now
00:44:46
i dunno virus vaccine is given only to the military
00:44:49
person now it's not generally available to everybody but certain types
00:44:54
as you well know i don't know why does it and then there's the heterogeneous many strains of the virus at all
00:45:02
are more common and that is all that seemed that the new it i don't know i was given to the military personnel
00:45:08
so it was like this idea that and someone off which is a swish vaccine is also available units that
00:45:14
or or or a vaccine available or worse when i see the real world worked out of
00:45:21
huh ha all of those
00:45:27
yeah yeah ah it was strap uh_huh yeah shops initial conversation
00:45:37
houses which kind ah out why can't we just ah hours
00:45:45
so yeah just raw oh no no ah ah use that was
00:45:54
the last point of my presentation have the simple and need to know
00:45:57
if we continue nice the mother before she starts lactation yeah forty starts feeding the cake
00:46:03
what is the kinetic said what kind of antibodies continues to move to procure protect okay yeah
00:46:11
ah not that i know of i haven't found a paper which would clearly show that
00:46:15
if you mean ice model with whatever vaccine i don't know which vaccine everybody says that only six of them
00:46:21
so uh i know which one it was like taking like
00:46:24
dating models women i'd rather see there's no in i thought
00:46:29
it's about lois you know but it's systemic that's all goes but you know so
00:46:38
i mentioned that i cited to paper yes
00:46:42
any other questions you ah you should
00:47:01
which
00:47:03
i'm very well aware of this paper primarily from back to michael
00:47:06
and for the record it and any others showing that indeed in mice
00:47:12
the silos are generated in like that and migrate to the medical and so i'm well
00:47:17
aware of those papers many of them weiss getting them and my one button as well
00:47:23
so in animal that's okay if in the rabbit stew but in humans we just don't
00:47:27
have the day we assume that is that we do yeah yeah the data on a progenitor
00:47:35
or stem cells even know what the doctor class gullible who's right after me will tell us about that
00:47:42
i don't have any you don't have any knoll eliminate or none of those
00:47:49
yes we have a mean it let me tell you a story i don't atlanta hanson
00:47:54
uh because i knew him very well to the great friend and great cory and uh he
00:48:01
um i was working on i. g. a. and went to
00:48:04
new york the rockefeller university celebrity back there and we can go
00:48:09
and i went there several years after him and discover of
00:48:13
i. g. a. the jobs i've had in months from brussels
00:48:17
came to rockefeller university to show to ducked behind some aqueduct there can call
00:48:22
how to isolate i ga the info thick precipitation joe
00:48:25
traditions so they get i've manhunt some blood him and
00:48:30
joe had in months but a purified by g. i. f.
00:48:36
so they get another guy from the light drawn the rocket the you know the announcer was tiny small guy
00:48:42
john rocker if you just go by the name adamant isolated energy i selected nothing
00:48:50
and i said well guys you have both idea deficient
00:48:54
which they were now real ice the probability of catching two
00:48:59
people with i did efficiency in the role of one how to five to seven hundred american so i j. deficient
00:49:06
so i'm too in the role so men hanson was that nobody will buy
00:49:10
american to you that he was i. g. deficient how those and about i think
00:49:15
funny story about him on and then just eating it both joe newman's down to mercy allows hanson
00:49:23
and the jury the sticky looked at rock returned you can yeah if it's
00:49:29
a great experience yeah one thing anyone else or the question
00:49:34
oh my gosh
00:49:39
i am i use this huh
00:49:45
use or misuse e. t. i. e.
00:49:51
i i i a
00:49:56
big c. yes just i stole or she is just
00:50:06
use ha yes do you suggest i use c. future
00:50:15
use because you see i use
00:50:24
yes i think the best concert of all people
00:50:28
on polio vaccines will be given by doctor
00:50:31
hogan certainly polio vaccine clockwise or or polio vaccine
00:50:35
has many advantages articulate in developing complex value me nice you kate's and human eyes the whole village
00:50:42
because it gets into the stew into the water supply and so on and you may not as a hotel
00:50:47
in the united states all euro in some countries such as then mark they
00:50:51
inject the vaccine then they get probably i don't know whether they still do
00:50:55
it but they used in the united states now basically although pullbacks nation is
00:51:00
to get killed that is a salt lake city that i used to say
00:51:04
no no i think is right what but there's still a polio vaccine is about more complex today than it
00:51:10
was fifty years ago it forty years to because we had a lot of people you're with all t. server types
00:51:16
but today we don't see type to put us in the wild so
00:51:20
you don't you have type two had been essentially eliminated all over the place
00:51:24
and presses stuff tied to has often been associated
00:51:28
with interference with type one and type civics it's
00:51:31
so that just get problems you use of all of us in many parts
00:51:37
not a tendency has been used by other what direction already
00:51:42
which is very good and then then you can boston
00:51:45
rates socket janus stock exchange with immunity or it's it's
00:51:54
that's
Conference Program
NNIW94 Opening
Dr. Natalia Wagemans, MD
Sept. 23, 2019 · 9 a.m.
Dedication to Lars A Hanson
Pearay L. Ogra
Sept. 23, 2019 · 9:10 a.m.
139 views
Key Note Lecture: The Evolution of Lactation in Mammalian Species
Olav T. Oftedal
Sept. 23, 2019 · 9:29 a.m.
678 views
Immunology of Milk and Lactation: Historical overview
Pearay L. Ogra
Sept. 23, 2019 · 11:01 a.m.
450 views
Common Mucosal Immune System
Jiri Mestecky
Sept. 23, 2019 · 1:03 p.m.
446 views
Immunomodulatory components of Human Colostrum and Milk
Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
Sept. 23, 2019 · 1:57 p.m.
481 views
Influence of Breastfeeding on Immune Trajectory and long-term Immune Health
Valerie Verhasselt
Sept. 23, 2019 · 3:33 p.m.
426 views
Milk and immune competence in prevention of allergy and infections
Carine Blanchard
Sept. 23, 2019 · 4:31 p.m.
511 views