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A bio-inspired solution to raise the efficiency of kinetic façades
Steven Ware, Art & Build Architects, Paris, France
Monday, Oct. 28, 2019 · 5:36 p.m. · 19m 20s
Climate-adaptative façades - Thermobimetal materials - Integration of solar cells within kinetic façades
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a wonderful presentation uh a very hard act to follow the action and
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he doesn't amazing stuff uh we'll uh we're praxis
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we're architects uh as a research is also funded
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it's funded by the by the company we are about hundred architects working in brussels in paris and luxembourg
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and the project and i'm gonna present you today which is a research project which you've got the first applications coming out now is called
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foliage to play on the photo which is a greek for a light
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and foliage which is obviously to do it vegetation to bind inspired facade
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um the uh the origins of the of the fence i came about really when we were working on a ten but bill
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the first large scales in the buildings in paris france six thousand square meters of a c. l. t.
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one of the problems which is being addressed in early
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uh uh talks today is the lack of thermal inertia
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with it's in the building so when all that sunlight
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does it to assault facing south west and south east
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a lot of sunlight is going in that is very very little ability to
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be able to unload uh the uh the calories to get into the building
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to very very intelligent facade um what we ended up a building was a
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doubles canvas are we don't like to do doubles can facades because we know that
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the last extra gloss required for the doubles confess our we'll uh we'll use an awful lot of
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carbon so that will uh will decrease a common profound in the long run control the people who are
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involved in glossy with who would like to account to to contradict what i just said
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but these uh this is according to a benchmark which the french government is now
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setting up which is called e. plus e. minus which is all about trying to do
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a very very realistic analysis of what carbon and energy
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uh are are going to come out as a in terms of design practised
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um with a full regard to rely scale though a life cycle analysis so
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when we did a study of what was happening inside the doubles can
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facade a sheet was gonna be generated the kind of carries that we're gonna
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be generated uh what was the best solution available in order to try
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and bring down uh the amount of calories come into the building we needed
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a very intelligent facade but we didn't want a turn to a motor
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rise facades because again you go back to the motives you go back to
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problems with uh with failure uh in time when next to a very very
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important street two hundred ninety four thousand calls the days we've got pollution issues
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uh we wanted to find a passive system which
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was going to give us excellent thermal a thermal protection
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uh this is what uh the applesauce studies engineers came up with so
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really really high peaks about seventy degrees in the doubles can facade so we sort of knew what
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uh what we needed to do was to the materials we need to find in order to counteract that
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uh_huh it's easy
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sure why that's not changing
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i'll fast forward um so we set up a we we did a couple little sketches and we came up with this idea of
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this series of losers which will uh made out of my large
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byline minutes we met an amazing guy from from the states called uh
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uh greg uh beyond uh who told us that there were by
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laminated mind off films which would open and close according to different temperatures
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so we did some simulations and this is what it looked like in the lab we we had all
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of the we have little eye and a a high and finding clothes underneath all of this and this is
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going to give us the responses that we wanted according to different temperatures twenty five degrees
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this is up to fifty degrees so all those my law rectangles are starting to open up
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and when we got to seventy degrees they were laying flat so we were getting good so the protection
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in the double skin and we were stopping the sunlight coming in but what we want
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controlling was the form of these big big striptease because will strip something wasn't wasn't working it
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just didn't seem very elegant and we want to be able to predict the movement of these of
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these vertical fins so we thought well this something interesting happening here we have to benchmark we have
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to look around and see what's been done and clarify what it is that we're trying to do
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uh obviously so the protection a lot of it is done these days with fixed fans then not very efficient because the
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sun moose and the fixed fins don't uh there is the same as a example of the as you'd you'd you want ah
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where you have a lot of amazing a motor i zap which is which open enclose according to this on but i
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think i was told that within about a month ninety percent of them when working anymore so back to that problem with motors
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so we then found we came across a something that was being done in the states by doris can assume who's also a
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biologist an architect i was trained as a biologist before so just
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in case you're wondering how the buyer mimicry moments happen it's because
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every now and then i think i would need to do this and i go and
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i have my biologic my body text books and some and sometimes they also pop out
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and she did rather amazing experiment uh an artistic intervention where she looked
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at the the uh look to the membrane that could open according to
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a different temperatures and this was using thermal by metal so we're moving from my lot a metal
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ah alloys which are very very well a measured but the big question was uh yeah these
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that's cool things the right shape and what what is it that we really trying to do
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and i remember from biology still the cells underneath belief which do this extraordinary job of opening an aperture
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when the tree needs to get humidity imagery sometimes over fifty meters that
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pumping water all the way up to the top this is all thanks to
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a very very easy a technique it looks so simple
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of aperture opening and how does the aperture opening what well
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it's got their these cells which they got cells of the stomach
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they've got in different uh different thickness of skin of cell wall
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and it's just that simple difference of thickness which
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means that when the stem cell inflates becomes more turgid
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this time this l. d. forms and there's the aperture so it allows
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the the flow of moisture and that creates a negative uh such an
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effect and up goes the will to a fifty meters high extraordinary to
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is this something that we could do with a facade that could duplicate it
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and we thought we're not gonna do something hydraulic we're not gonna do something pneumatic
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that's kind of getting into quite high tech what we just look at that simple
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change in material properties all the inside wall on the outside wall and we came back to the thermal
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by metals which you probably member from physics do this
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rather extraordinary things changing shape when the temperature changes um
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this is the technology that's been around for a long time so it's easy
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to open a catalogue and find the different materials we contacted our hammer german from
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in order to get the material that we wanted we then set up a a
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uh all of this sort of protocol as to how we were gonna
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attack this problem because we did one wind up with something then find out
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that it was gonna have an all fall a cop and forgot to the end of it all that we were gonna be doing something was non recyclable
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you have to set of all of these little subsets in order to try and move the project forward
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uh this i think all this stuff is gonna be available online afterwards i'm not gonna a waste too much time talking
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to this is all about method about how to set up a pro but a project on it if you an architect you
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you have to you don't really like to do this you tend to move forward by intuition but it was kind of important to benchmark i cells
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uh this is uh a little a flowchart to tell you how we
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we were then going to go through a testing we were looking at a village so who was one of the first people
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to measure the performance of them will buy metals again i'm not gonna go too much into that
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that he was giving us the basis for the theoretical models if you were going to then test
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we started with the triangle thinking that well if we have a triangle with least you've got a nice trick
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which you can hold onto because the idea was that these things would go into facade interest others you know
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uh have to deal with when loads they have to do with all sorts of movements and and things
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like that and uh dust pollution and we wanted something that was gonna be couldn't firemen that wouldn't fly away
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when did it and it was also important that we could do this outside of the facades and without having
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recourse to a double skin all the time in order to protect this thing
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for the cop and uh for the common questions so that's that was that
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kind of empirical pixel which is a a triangle which we knew we deformities certain way according to the v. last so
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a formula we then went some through some parametric i'm more
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willing to see what it would look like with the different temperatures
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and then we started session as you went sort of back to intuition in intuition uh
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and here and we had all these different models which started on started taking on different
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names some of which was by method by pneumatic like the fish scale some of which were
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uh on the fish and fly trap and some of them which were might
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inspired by cooking implements so i guess you could call those curly no grammatical something
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i don't know and then it would be automatic wonder to really fancy but and
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not very feasible uh we had a look at uh we tested those on small model
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just in product so we had going to see if they would work uh this is the fly trap
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model uh the looked a little bit aggressive and um but still it was it was it was interesting
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uh this we we we tested out on the teaching hospital in
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not some we call this the cheese grater model and uh and that
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that was kind of nice you know for the operating block so the patients can
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move around and not be seen but yet still have displays of light on the
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on the on the facade but again a little bit a little bit aggressive and then we had the
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model and uh when you look at how that plays out in in the render it which
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just catastrophic i mean we didn't like it it's all we didn't win that competition for obvious reasons
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um but yeah it gave us an idea that when you're talking about the
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sample by metals you're talking about small quantities small pixels so you're not gonna
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have these big effect on the big big building that we were looking for
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and and we didn't find the people reacted very nicely to the aesthetic so we
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thought what what would make sure do so uh we went to we went
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back to the top lawns and uh this time using data little bit and we
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started looking at uh what they call the nasty movements which is the ways
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in which plans response different external stimuli whether it's light so whether it's night time
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and um and we looked for a plot that would have that kind of movement that would
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give us the best performance uh between um being open and being close to me came across
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in fact darwin came across this much much uh much much other than us but uh but
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we thought it was pretty cool uh it's the clover leaf um it's a three leaf clover
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and when you look at how that operates now that's a
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video yes when you see how the clover opens and closes
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first of all it's uh it's just beautifully elegant minutes poetry in motion
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then you look at you model that and you you try
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to understand what the profile that the plant is going to
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give you the the patterns are gonna give you when that open and close your moving from pretty much eighty five percent
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put a a coverage to less and less than five percent in reality
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so we thought this is a fantastic thing to be to to be looking as we started working with this the
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folding was difficult a major source these problems that it had a few billion years to sort them out with us
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we didn't have that sort of time so we went to something that much
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more low tech and simple we went for um a fairly simple three leafed clover
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um which looks a bit like this we decided to attach it to a cable
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again we wanted to stay very very low tech and very very low carmen and
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the more we looked at that that's another test on that facade again uh the more
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we looked at this that's the open lay flat position as the as the as the
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people like to call it is the people and the user by minutes i like to call it unless the closer position
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what's quite nice about this is that the sun doesn't move
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and when you get the plot uh shapes into action they have
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a much much more interesting shading profile than just the straight flat
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triangle when it bands and it lays flat or when it goes
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and that's what we started to do a testing on is modelling the street three dimensional elements approach to try and make
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something which is more efficient despite the the movement of the sound at different times of the day different times of the year
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and uh and this is what uh the first mock up look like the first uh the
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first real scale tests we had twenty five degrees in their ego it starts to deform lay flat
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fifty degrees and then it's fully laid flat at seventy degrees
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and and hey we started really to feel that we were getting close to to to have um
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um this is uh he can i so now he can in another presentation this morning it's a great
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way of being able to show you very very quickly how these things respond but this is the untreated role
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out off the peg a um a thermal by by metallic alloys and
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this is the lay flat and you can probably see there's a double curve
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happening there which was a bit of a difficulty from the word go because it snaps
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but in fact that's nothing there you go that's nothing mechanism is actually quite
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'cause 'cause it hold on to that memory shape just that little bit longer
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and uh and that meant that in in the end the range of uh of shading action
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was a little bit longer than what we what we were expecting and that gave the performance level
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uh just a little bit of an edge compared to what we were expecting i'm gonna show you a quick fill
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my apologies for the render we didn't have enough budget to pay somebody to do this so we did a demo
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turn off the end of the internet is a a competition everyone for in your
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sometimes unless you know the washer solo concert international cancer research centre
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and uh and this it will be the first uh a construction
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the first real project where these uh by metals will be use
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these flowers will be used this is under construction at the moment
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we're probably gonna do this pretty much according to the very first prototypes that came out
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and so this is probably what it's gonna look like i'm not sure if we're gonna have all of that coverage of the inside of the courtyard
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but these uh labs and offices and we with that much more comfortable about the the look at the aesthetic feel
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of the flower compared to the flight track more than the other ones which is short that that much earlier so
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that's over a render which gives you an idea of what the flowers look like when you move up a into the building
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and as one of the biologist we work with that said oh great you know these things gonna protect my plots from overheating
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and we thought well we didn't even think of that we think you're
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protecting healthy but in fact yes uh we can grow the plants that this
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in these will actually protect that for the province from overheating which is in
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a lovely thing to think about the other species and not just a cells
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what are the next steps well there's obviously automation optimisation to be done uh
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it the problem is that the sunlight tends to come out early in the morning
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and by the time these things deplore at the fifty degrees seven degrees it's
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a little bit too late a lot of the energies already gone into the building
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uh especially if it's it's in the building i think and a half of a buildings in our uh in in timber
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um so we were thinking can we just use this precious at all i in order to activate and uh and can
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we not get something a little bit more intelligent again with nature you tend to think that it's all very very simple it
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when you look back to still missiles that driven by he palms by proton towns in the cell membrane it's not it's although tech
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we're thinking maybe we can now a little bit of tech in uh if we can get some meteorological
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uh the data to inform the plans as to when it snows so we looked
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at uh uh so the cell solar cells that could be integrated into the plot
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um with a heat source we then looked at ways in which we could optimise pretty curving
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the the flowers so that they would get a better opening and closing ratio
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uh we then looked at the fixings because obviously there are thermal couples these alloys which can be fixed
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together with little bit so that even use with a metal metal contacts we started to look at the shape
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of that of that fixing and uh and uh and all of the uh metallurgy properties
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um that's kind of what the centre of the flower looks like
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right now and we also left a little cavity open just in case
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uh we could activate that he'd in a in a an even more efficient way
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by including including resist adamant which would be activated by the thermal sell so a
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tiny little input of energy could activate little heating and increase that opening and closing
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and if we can get obviously data into this thing and to do that's at the
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right time then not then we'll be taking one step further and those are the cables
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incorporates a the little electric current that we might need in order to have the data
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coming in um from elsewhere and make these things just that little bit more intelligent
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we're also doing a corrosion of the c. thermal by
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metals and not very uh uh don't like a atmospheric pollution
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and uh so we've had these outside for two years now they've done pretty well
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but it also we also have to look at how we kept the flowers so that
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a hack at the metal so that we don't encourage a rust and another effects to get
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into the actual flower those results of the corrosion testing different powder coatings et cetera et cetera
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that's the team again uh i don't have the phase of their but i would like to thank
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them so uh they've done an amazing job of helping us when encouraging is not to lose faith
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beginning in this project and i'm sure you can get this off the internet and that's then thank you very very much
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ooh
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do you think there's a maximum size for these yes the maximum size right now if we're going for a off
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the peg thermo by metals is about uh twenty five centimetres
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that's the strip by metal that comes out of the factory
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i think then you know then it's all about the flapping in the wind loads and what people can tolerate in terms
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of movement because we like the idea that the start can move rather like the plot the leaves of the tree move
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but a lot of other people don't like the idea of puzzles things uh you know they'd rather based
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to actually be still so i think twenty five centimetres is the largest piece of belief that we could imagine at this stage
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yeah the the has to the concert this um can you tell us
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a little bit more about the alleys and sell it also on just
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trying to remember why it is that i just went away completely new attached
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a yourselves to the triangular thing it because you were maybe or because you could
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uh because it's like the way that they would yeah it was we couldn't predict because when you had a very long strip um they were
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different possibly heating up in different ways and so that was it i
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was the forming and it was really acting as a counter force against itself
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we thought that we have to move it into small components which will react in a much more productive incoherent
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way at least one flowered open a productive way even if all the flowers don't open at the same time
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and uh and that's really why that happened and that you are the questions
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i can give you the information about the thermal um the thermal the the alloys
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um if you email me i can give you exactly the references that we used okay yeah
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