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Présentation du projet Brain-It
Eling D. de Bruin
Thursday, Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:33 p.m. · 34m 43s
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i picked up a one or a a a a first i uh like ooh
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what it ought to see x. which is all right that's it
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well here it's all t. i. up in this project uh i mean finance for a for profit
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but on the thought process a shaft of cyberspace
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uh we also think very much for this opportunity to a person
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here and ah i've got two girls what uh first of all i got something about elephants
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uh why care or or less control g. h. or what
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i'll try to do it then froze out or
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then uh i important quest for it it's it's a trite refund
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was mark or slow down but it should be
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because i so far we know the medication does not well
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uh and and alternative for physical activity would have potential uh
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but only if it would be in a quantities in
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a sense that stable for all of which are not
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and at the end of ten fifteen minutes presentation
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i hope that you understand relation between cognitive functions that
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two are intermingled oh i understand why or how should train the brain prove corps reserve
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from our perspective see how you could use technology to it and it just at a rational
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of using virtual reality x. right for this population
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uh all this has to be seen in the context of l. a. g.
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and healthy eating is defined by the world health organisation the process
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of developing and maintaining functional ability that enables wellbeing in old age
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and this is actually in the centre of what we do but also in the
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centre of the uh the what is the the people that a gift is double model
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uh uh what it's about quality of life essentially for people that are affected but not cognitive impairment
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a w. h. o. uh looks healthy itching uh that from a perspective
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of two concepts so they use the concept of concept of intrinsic capacity
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yeah which is basically the combination of an
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individual uh to individuals physical and mental capacities
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so if we h. then not only
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of physical but also mental compare capacities decline
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and they are subsumed under five categories mobility
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cognition fidelity vision and hearing and for the
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concert these belong together and that would also mean that if you want to intervene and and improve
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quality of life in these older adults then you should
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also develop interventions to try to catch all these five items
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intrinsic density in improving our mobility cognition fidelity
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vision and hearing would automatically mean that too
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level up your functional ability your ability to uh to
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what you want to do in life as an individual
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i uh old timer ah a associations defined mild cognitive impairment s.
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a cognitive changes that are serious enough to be noticed
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to the person to espouse two two children uh uh
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that person is affected and and not functioning normally
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anymore so so uh that is constantly forgetting these keys
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and mother doesn't find their way home again after walking the dog
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uh but uh the problem is still not bad enough uh to to give
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up everyday activities of daily life so you can still function more or less well
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partly depending on your partner uh or not depending we partner uh and we know that from the age
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of sixty five and up fifteen to twenty percent of
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the population will be affected by this mild cognitive impairment
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and basically uh there are two categories that are defined you you uh
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recognise and mystic mild cognitive impairment which primarily affects number in so you
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forget but your keys were uh or you forget names of people that
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no you see your face which you recognise but you can't remember the name
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yeah and you have to non that nasty domestic mild
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cognitive impairment which the facts thinking skills other than memory
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uh and this also affects partly your your
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uh physical activity or abilities because you have
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problems performing complex tasks uh and and moving around or playing
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sports sometimes expects complex tasks uh from you as an individual
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currently there are no medications whatsoever approved by
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the food and drug administration for the treatment of
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might cognitive impairments so so we don't have pharmacological
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interventions that seem to be working for this disease
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and drops that have been approved to treat the symptoms of all times to seize so you could
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consider mart cognitive impairment as a pretty stage of
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of later developing dimension some people will develop dementia
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yeah and if we don't treat these people we straps that are
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approved then we noticed that these have no shown lasting effects on
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on the deceased so they cannot stop or reverse or hold a
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development of mark cognitive impairment into the men's so we need to find
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other alternatives and what we think would be an opportunity is to consider non
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pharmacological interventions that focus on our basic
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um functioning motives system in combination was cognition
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and the reason for this stems from from our ecological development as
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humans how did we even told us humans and how did we become
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the biological systems that we are and then we have to uh notice that ninety
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five percent of our human biology is believed that to have been naturally selected over
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based on the way home with trials five challenging environments
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and the life to us that we live today i'm are
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most probably a fair in now adaptive for our abilities that we used to develop
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your room tens of thousands of your your human development but that we know gave up
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and these lifestyles are related to our physical active t. v. a. few intending environment
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we changed our uh physical activity behaviour
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limitation of dietary patterns and is most
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probably has a large effect on our physical but also on our country function
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so when we were uh uh developing human uh in in the step
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in east africa for example but the the reason why we suffice
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was that we were able to move around in the challenging dangerous environment
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with a lot of animals and for that process we needed
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a certain movements speech as a group or as an individual
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at the same time we had to constantly monitor this complex environment
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so we have to look for danger if uh animals that what he just uh if they could ah rabbits
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at the same time we use this space to navigate and finds a yeah
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information space where food sources would be so where are the fruit trees currently
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available and that can be yeah i've used to to to nourish our group
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and and do we remember one year later where this group of trees stands so so
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do we have enough memory to process right that we still remember
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in one here where we will have a good chance find through together
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after that we need to exactly the function uh make decisions flan
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had thoughtless after and we should use so centrally and attention says
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these physical activities and cognitive tasks that are
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required to suffice from complex challenging environments will
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affect all right one of the reasons why we developed a brain was
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or by shelby hey sure in these challenging environments and or physical activities ah
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actually we're on your agenda trigger so because we moved around
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in this environment ever cognitively challenged we could use your telephones
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and that went to our right and we
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build up our example narrow genesis with this behaviour
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because we have to learn constantly where a new food sources or when new dangers
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are et cetera et cetera of ah we also see a lot of sinus agendas
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have new connections between existing neural cells and we see minding remarkably constantly happening
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and because of that we are able to multitask conti fee while moving around so far
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but no i mean change our lifestyle and we ah
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are physically active in james fox how and by doing that
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we maintain our people can volume and white metal tracks not
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right because we invest enough physical functioning in an artificial way
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and because of that we will see minimum phase of eighty
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never degenerative diseases however most of our western uh in in happens
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people in our societies adopt a sedentary lifestyle in in active life
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and what we can see thing is people
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losing their hippocampus volume and whatnot attracts so
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we are biological system that that's to the challenges that we put
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into the system and if we don't use the system that are very
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blind emergency use it or lose it if we don't use some rain then we will change all right
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uh in the sense that we want to save energy so we we'll we'll pack of right and a
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we do that by by building a directly comparable
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you and we will build less connections is not great
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but that's also traded for cooperatively climb a jury a. g.
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processes and we will have to high risk from your determinative place
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so what we do is that there is a
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lifestyle and try to introduce exercise equipment if challenges into
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life in an artificial way and then we should theoretically senior impressively that
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unable campbell white trucks and we should he you reduce effect
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of eighty or resource for your future degenerative disease pieces to her
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and this is theoretically depicted in this here so we have
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to brown dashed line which is the normal cognitive uh development during
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young age and middle age so there's that i start to uh that's the which is not really the time
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and then the the solid line drawn line shows the
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the mind that we may expect from a normal individual
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however we are individuals so we see also individual
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differences and you might be prone to i. e.
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no are starting lever of cognitive functioning which is the blue dash blah
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then you would be at high risk for developing cognitive decline and other numbers degenerative diseases
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then we know we've in activity will worsen our cognitive development so
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if we have a national state and we perform lifelong exercise aerobics
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for example we we we will also have studied comparative a lapel and same if i'm a
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high risk person i will still have study
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level off cognitive function however if i combine these
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uh and i stop being active so i introduced inactivity i'm alive
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then i see that a normal person will also show a decline in cognitive
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functioning and he will remain on the lower but still study level in functioning
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but someone at high risk will also decline and
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will then be prone to negative effects in the future
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the good thing about this picture is that if
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we introduce a physical activity and cognitive challenges into life
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independent of your starting position you will see again any problem if activity
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this is what we call the adaptive capacity model which is
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not only focusing on fit physical functions but also on cognition
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and we know from multiple studies by now that lifestyle
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factors play an important role for our cognitive and physical function
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so we obviously have genetic factors which make a a starting point difference between
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people prone at risk uh or not so problem at risk for developing cognitive decline
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yeah of course you're embryonic brain development plays an important role as well uh what happens in
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the room uh of your mother when you also uh are to be born in in i'm i'm
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but basically what we know that addled brain
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function and experience dependent justice city are influenced by
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mental and physical activity the more you put into these activities from from young trial glued on
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the better you will start in life what with the uh good brain volume and a good physical functioning
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and the less you invest in these items uh the less good your chances are
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and the funny thing is that that one of the most important inputs
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that you can get into your motor system or your biological system is
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completely stimulation sensory stimulation have physical activity because these are
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the factors in combination that will affect too bright brain most
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based on on other systematic review and and
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i'm i'm grading a system applied to existing research
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for the most promising interventions to influence mart cognitive impairment
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uh when it develop from healthy eighteen into them and stuff uh are summarised in this picture
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so if you're healthy a. g. a. you suddenly
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start to develop this mild cognitive impairment or over
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your logical problems then what the first preventive measures
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should be is performed physically x. exercise reduce your stress
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adapt your diet into mediterranean diet uh read you show firstly the risk
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and uh i think you're a major depressive disorders and e. d. et cetera
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if you're in the state of pretty clinical demands yeah that then it's proven more or less in existing it should
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to that that one of the most promising approaches would be
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bashful risk reduction and and major depress bit depressive disorder treatments
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however if you're in the state of mild cognitive impairment then physical exercise should be
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your first choice because the current evidence available would say well that's the best choice
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to to uh intervene it's not medication it's
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not pharmacological approaches but it's a non pharmacological approach
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alright combined it with stress reduction mediterranean diet that's low risk reduction again a
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treating major depressive disorders and brain stimulation
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question mark would brain stimulation add something probably
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so we know that we have to start off uh was physical activity and a
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good reasons for that because in red you see all the brain areas that are prone
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to physical activity they react respond positively and physical activity
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so so if you are sedentary and not physically active
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and you start an exercise program you might expect changes in all these red areas of your brain
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so the level of evidence is very convincing that that physical activity
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is really very important factor if you want to improve your brain house
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however if you look into the recommendations currently given
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by the the medical societies for a physical activity
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for people with mild cognitive and then rock recommendation
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one states all the adults who have mild cognitive impairment
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they should perform moderate intensity aerobic physical activity
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at least one hundred fifteen minutes but we
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or they do it in the figures intensity for ninety minutes per week in combination with
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recommendations to at least two days per week
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they should befall a progressive resistance training translation
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and they should do recommendation three uh they should engage in activities that help to improve their balance
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an recommendation for physical activity and exercise should be individually
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tailored with consideration given to factors such as health problems
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and the figure on the right shows uh the application of all these
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recommendations in populations with smart cognitive impairment and and what shown on the right
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a graph is that it's summary from systematic
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review and math analysis about adherence to these recommendations
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uh by people with mild cognitive impairment and it boils down to the fact that people
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don't do these things because it's too time intensive and if you're not used to doing exercise
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doing your whole life and it has not been integrated
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into your lifestyle it is very difficult to get people convinced
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about adopting all these recommendations speak because it's it's a
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daytime work task which is too much for them and
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also the same pattern emerges if if you're already demented
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uh we see thirty seven percent dropout rates in physically active
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t. intervention studies in people with them and so they don't
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at here to these interventions they don't follow up that these recommendations
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and probably because all these uh activities on long motivating
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and for us to question pops up could actually gaming play role yeah
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in this regard and complete perhaps use new technologies to
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to to reach the same goals of improving brain fun
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brain status but with the smarter approach of physical activity which is less intensive
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uh needs less time but gains better results and for that we should use
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the new technologies uh in combination with neural plus
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the city principles that we know from other research
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so there is something like use dependent justice to what when why uh when we went
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uh on holidays in the parts with this my parents uh we went to italy mostly
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then i remember that that item i'm a mother a father was driving and the
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other part was sitting next listen cart uh trying to find away and then uh uh_huh
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a mom or dad would ask should i go right the next
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exit or left and then my dad say well left and then
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my mom would take the left x. it oh no right it was right you
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should have come right so the squirrels are famous in many families it i guess
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but what happened to the part with that right d. scott is that
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he or she challenge to brain and had to process spatial orientation scales
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and by doing that improve t. skills during the holiday season
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nowadays we have children that say oh i know the way
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i know how to drive because my smart phone tells it
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and it's true that most of the times disk it's our right and and tell us the right direction
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but it goes at the cost and the cost of the brain development that because they don't process this
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spatial orientation scale with their own brain anymore that delegates this to an
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external source and this will affect the brain and this is what we call
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use dependent justice city your brain will develop when you actively challenge it but
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it will degenerate if you don't act actually challenge it and if you delegate
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skills like to brain should fulfil too smart phones for example
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and we know that positive neural plus just the always happens if
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you mentally stimulate if you pursue a have a pursuit of intellectual uh
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intellectual pursuits a social interaction is very
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good good emotional physical exercise problem solution
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property all the opposite things will have a negative effect on your brain and your
00:22:39
will induce negative number plus the the question now is can be
00:22:43
used is in a smart way in physical exercise integrate this into exercise
00:22:49
and for that we have something called that guy that does the
00:22:51
city facilitation framework from uh researchers have from germany yellow at all
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and they say well we see these h. related
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and or disease related structural and functional brain changes
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which obviously also decrease cognitive performance him by doing that affect quality of life
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uh what we could do is sequential mote cognitive training that people do something very physically active
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and then after that we we let them before a computer exercises behind desk for recognition
00:23:25
and then we have to define and find optimal
00:23:27
order the optimal temporal proximity of these isolated factors
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and then this should facilitate or bright you're blessed is he
00:23:38
however based on the theoretical reason things of this
00:23:41
group we should conform something like simultaneous mode cognitive training
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put an integrated form of physical activity and cognitive activity into one exercise program
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so you do physically exercises in combination we should come up
00:23:57
and the stench should lose your cognitive skills
00:24:01
in and more enhanced neural breast basic fat
00:24:05
uh which then should theoretically i mean uh ameliorate your brain function
00:24:10
and for sequential and simultaneous mote cognitive training there are many approaches
00:24:15
that you could theoretically use to combine physical activity with mental tasks
00:24:23
but if we think of people was marred cognitive impairment we
00:24:26
think of people above sixty five years and older uh uh
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that are not so prone to doing dancing in
00:24:35
the ball room without uh the fact of of falling
00:24:41
so it's their preferred mode of exercise recognition that ham enhancement in older age
00:24:46
uh what should we do uh what are the basic the mounds of these forms of exercise
00:24:53
and we defied actually between exercise physical exercise
00:24:56
for your aerobic capacity or for your muscle strength
00:25:00
and your moscow exercising we should learn skills become
00:25:04
proficient in balancing for example or do other things
00:25:08
so you have a lot of friends physical training that has metabolic demands for your physical
00:25:14
system but you could also do something like flexibility downs coronation mo to training we we call it
00:25:21
and that should have neural muscular demons and should theoretically affect the brain
00:25:28
but you could also look into physical more training in cognition uh and the different pathways
00:25:34
in your body that they effect on and and the driving mechanisms be empty these exercises
00:25:39
so for physical mulder function it's mostly intensity intensity of of walking we
00:25:45
we we job within certain ground speed to achieve our aerobic capacity calls
00:25:52
um when it goes about mode to learning it's not about intensity but there is more
00:25:57
about complexity learning something new different scale which
00:26:02
is a complex task for your brain to process
00:26:06
and it doesn't play a role if you're quick or
00:26:09
slow but it's the complex complexity that defines the fact theoretically
00:26:14
and then you will see task specific noblest diversity and with
00:26:19
exercise on a physical level you would see global euro blasted
00:26:24
and then if you combine both with cognitive challenges
00:26:28
you should i have to ideal form of training
00:26:33
so what happens in the brain if we learn a new skill and we know
00:26:37
that from research uh with musicians issues acquires
00:26:41
skill as a musician or as a sportsman
00:26:45
then we see that the brain reacts with structural changes but also was functional changes and
00:26:52
and we can mention that uh there's a lot of research showing with uh that this happens
00:26:57
and now we think if you want to have an older person
00:27:01
and brenda's all the person new scale you should use virtual reality environments
00:27:06
because your brain freeze virtual reality like a
00:27:09
real life experience so you can bring these frail
00:27:13
partly frail older people in a safe that virtual environments and challenge uh_huh
00:27:20
with things that are normally could never do in real life but in these artificial environment the
00:27:26
brain will treat this as real life experience in their brain will also responsible as in real life
00:27:34
in real life experience experiences are the best way to learn i remember
00:27:39
and experiences in virtual reality help you learn but to remember more in improving functioning
00:27:46
and that's why we think we should use x. a.
00:27:49
games technology driven physical activity such as video game play
00:27:54
that requires participants to be physically active for exercise in order to play the game
00:28:00
and by plane again and interacting cognitively with a flat screen in front of you
00:28:05
you will have a neural activation of your brain
00:28:08
because this plane has to process information from artificial environment
00:28:13
which has to be put into a physical action and this will don't realise traffic factors of your lacked
00:28:20
it's also very important that you don't do your cognitive exercise sitting behind a
00:28:25
computer game at the desk which you should do it in a standing position
00:28:30
uh the reason for that is that our neurological health not only depends on
00:28:35
signal sense of from the brain to the effect of organs to the muscles
00:28:40
but it's also very much dependent on the bodies large like muscles
00:28:45
and if you realise traffic factors by using or lots like muscles
00:28:50
this will bring traffic factors to your brain that can be
00:28:53
used uh to improve your brain so no sitting exercises for seniors
00:29:00
seniors have to do the exercises standing and and be number three
00:29:05
using the lacked particularly in weight bearing exercise will send signals to the brain that our final for the
00:29:11
production of healthy neural cells and and this is shown
00:29:15
several times to be replicated in animal research as well
00:29:19
cutting back to back on exercise makes it difficult for the body to produce new nerve cells and and
00:29:25
i think that this is one of the explanations what cognitive training was computer games is not really affected
00:29:32
because it doesn't integrate the physical activity that is required to get this topic factors to the brain
00:29:41
is this just an assumption or easter also row
00:29:45
uh evidence indicating that this is the right direction well
00:29:49
if we have twins that are john genetically identical
00:29:53
maybe look how these trends develop cognitively while the age
00:29:59
that this is an interesting study uh published
00:30:02
in dermatology that followed genetically identical twins and one
00:30:08
side of the twin deteriorated cooperatively and the
00:30:12
other was healthy h. e. which good cognitive status
00:30:17
and the difference between the two was the lex tracks one part
00:30:21
of the twins often that very active lifestyle and that's come back muscles
00:30:26
the other part of the twin at the sedentary lifestyle and friends of them a leg
00:30:31
muscles was to stop the strong predictor for the cognitive function in later life of these people
00:30:38
so that's another reason why we think that you should put seniors on the lax and we think that
00:30:45
alright the association yeah and the interaction with virtual reality
00:30:50
ten shade therapeutic effect its collective to uh in older adults
00:30:56
we now know or we think that uh if the case because we know this
00:31:01
research from japan where people young students had to stand under pressure something but do exercises
00:31:08
and we see after a few weeks exercising that they change capri
00:31:13
frontal cortex yeah and and and and the lateral a temporal tires
00:31:19
in the brain that that's really a plastic lee responding and from
00:31:24
our own research we know that if you perform x. games yeah
00:31:29
then we see adaptations in the prix frontal cortex again we we know that we can
00:31:34
infants the brain and the brain function by targeted developed interventions for but a reality
00:31:42
if you perform spatial navigation training in butter realities
00:31:48
uh and you measure the hippocampus before and after the spatial
00:31:51
orientation then we know that spatial navigation skills trained in virtual realities
00:31:57
protect hippocampus against a tree age related changes
00:32:02
and if you think that the hippocampus is the first track structure that deteriorates with
00:32:06
people in the men with men so then we would potentially have a very powerful tool
00:32:12
this study is more or less replicated in the german study with also young students
00:32:17
yeah that were naive to playing super mario super mario it's a two d. and three d.
00:32:22
virtual environment where you have to orient yourself to free the prince prince that's and perform several tasks
00:32:29
students that were naive to playing super mario was that
00:32:32
we mentioned before and after eight weeks of super mario playing
00:32:36
show improved your genesis the hippocampus structure and change the preferable cortex again
00:32:44
so there's a lot of evidence from young reason yeah young uh volunteers in
00:32:50
research that there is an effect of virtual reality x. again mean on the brain
00:32:57
and our group performed a systematic review into the cognitive
00:33:01
effects which we compared the cognitive effects against conventional physical exercise
00:33:07
uh uh populations and we see that even if you compared to conventional physical exercise
00:33:15
if you perform your exercises in virtual reality with extra gaming you will improve your
00:33:21
cognitive skills more uh and more lasting compared to this physical activity and
00:33:28
these holes especially true for the executive functions intentional processing and visual spatial skills
00:33:34
and all skills affected by them at the men's timeout cognitive impairment
00:33:38
and the global cognitive skills also improve more
00:33:41
in virtual realities compared to a a physical activity
00:33:48
so that brings me to the and uh and two i
00:33:51
hopeful promising research uh in the in the future it is kind
00:33:55
to the support of the former some synopsis but also thanks
00:33:58
to the former some problem on that we can perform this research
00:34:02
yeah we plan to perform three studies co design which we develop
00:34:08
targeted x. games that targets the deficits in people with smart cognitive impairment
00:34:13
in which we include people with smart cognitive impairment for the development of these games
00:34:19
yeah and then we will perform a randomised controlled pilot trials would
00:34:23
be which we will mention m. arise in the back of the brain
00:34:27
and it's the support of the founder shawn colour model that allows us to to make these
00:34:31
second study a little bit larger thank you very much for your attention
Conference Program
Ouverture de la cérémonie
Jean-Pierre Rausis, Président de la Fondation Dalle Molle
Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:08 p.m.
533 views
Allocution du Syndic de Lausanne
Grégoire Junod
Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:08 p.m.
Présentation de la Fondation Dalle Molle
Jean-Pierre Rausis, Président de la Fondation Dalle Molle
Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:16 p.m.
Présentation du concours Label 2020 et des lauréats
Rolf Ingold, Président du Jury
Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:30 p.m.
Présentation du projet Brain-It
Eling D. de Bruin
Oct. 8, 2020 · 4:33 p.m.
Questions du public
Eling D. de Bruin
Oct. 8, 2020 · 5:08 p.m.
Présentation du projet MétaSanté
Bengt Kayser
Oct. 8, 2020 · 5:13 p.m.
Questions du public
Bengt Kayser
Oct. 8, 2020 · 5:26 p.m.
Clôture de la cérémonie
Jean-Pierre Rausis et Rolf Ingold
Oct. 8, 2020 · 5:31 p.m.
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