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so it will first of all thank you very much thank you very much i don't
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think you very much to teachers to the nutrition it nicely didn't mention this to you
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for the kind invitation to participate in these excellent meeting so it's a good
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opportunity to run for people with a lot of the spur to use in
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in related fields so i i divide my presentation in three main parts the first one is very short
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he's a some a few slides talking about the human me microbial tough but some aspects that i think is that
00:00:33
they are reported to to to investigate the or you know of of of the michael if you mean my computer
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then i would open the main part of the told about do you
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know this material and then finally you are still awake then i will talk
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about some uses of eh if you might be but if you have an especially in for breast have
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so this is the d. or ninety eighty eight is the
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the year in which i first started working with human my computer
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and then at that time it was considered that only a few places in the human body has some i provided that
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but i didn't at that time we goal a micro flora does get these kind
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of things so they always gonna be the the scheme they got that i don't know
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this is i'm not messing up very popular massing in spain this year
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so they you talking about the benefits of human
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made saying that is uh is threefold foot always available
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and it's funny yes eh talking about the benefits of human eh
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it made the show the photograph although of pop bottle feed baby
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yeah so this is the last year it thirty years later
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so uh you can see about the the the the b. lately due to their too so we don't
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fine micro by on a most in our our body in our our move was also faces
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that produce a biological fluids and is open to the outside
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of course there are some i covered that are controversial such as that in the lines for example and all
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other about that baby baby controversy has for example in the plus in the um these going or or stuff
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so anyway i think it's important to note that the different a consistent in the human body
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i believe the non week and i'd open to to exchange between between between between them uh_huh
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so now is whether lee acknowledge that human male has microbes
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and these are among the first microbes that the baby
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received after the years that they are born uh_huh uh_huh
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i mean but the human me motivated that is now is studied in several laps around the world uh_huh
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and if you also important to know that that that the that we have got so far
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show that this is is not around them contamination but but uh a mile a
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specific microbe along with that specific as to to and we will define a consortium uh_huh
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so just very quickly as has been door before by which or base metals we had been
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able to isolate a lot of you know a lot of different species including new species and
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other ones will come but but billy shortly so mainly the they belong to these a general
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list of local who just to double move probably only but they're human coding about the young
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and these bacteria and isolate a comely isolate eh what
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were white from human yay for more more women were white
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sometimes we all we can also isolate lactic acid bacteria and the video but even
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but we have found in to become more in developing countries for example where there has
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been no use of antibiotics but usually i just uh and as an example for example
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a for example from or some big it sounded from the thing drop african republic
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we have been able to isolate up to twelve different after
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buffy lose this disease and it's something that we had never seen
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in example from spain or from germany from house we're from
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the the states or from sweden for for for example uh_huh
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so they will be a kind of core michael bail to all whom a meek
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of course when we study the n. a. we come through the
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person of the n. a. from sat micro might him such bacteria
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but also as listed stated before we can also be that
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the n. a. for bad related state i know unroll uh_huh
00:04:37
of course they are not guilty but could be worker but it's good
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to put your oppression so we cannot find like which were in metals uh_huh
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so maybe this could be the core micro by young of human me but also with that
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a third group all bacteria that are usually related to the story and to what are uh_huh
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and this is important because some a papers in the past and including some from our own group
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we follow that set set but yet done belong to the core michael bay on of the human
00:05:10
milk and in the last years we have realised that maybe they are technical active what's white because uh_huh
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molecular biology republicans have a. d. n. a. from shot but t. v.
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or an is a a a problem where white is difficult even to date
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to use d. n. a. but the l. d. n. a. free molecular biology regions
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so expression is but it really but but it will about in
00:05:37
the economic analyses in low abundance micro items like that of human me
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so because contaminant but the but the of the innate gonna be value even hide it i think it
00:05:47
was information that the d. n. a. or the bacteria that i'm not really found in these biological if we
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so this means that that in our previous studies maybe
00:05:57
can lead to wrong a compulsion and these also highlights
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the importance of the bone controls uh i'll sort
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this so called ma communities so communities of we prepare
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a. d. n. a. from back to get that with all in a lot from this this is this is
00:06:13
not the known concentration and this is our uh what this controls for micro by on a studies of human me
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anyway when we talk about the human mean microbe i don't actually at the end of the day we are talking about
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bacteria but in human me there are all the tango organisms
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that can be quite relevant but we don't know why don't we
00:06:34
for example they can be by disease and that that'll really after after mine
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we'll talk about that a key s. most these proposal up but of course many most of the studies
00:06:44
has been focus only on bacteria and we found mm a
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difference enough for example but that we did this really cute but
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you know but t. v. approached about the yeah and middle but comical yep but it's been important to have been in account
00:07:00
that they hike is diversity in human me is not provided by the film at the
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field level is provided by your strains and this is a actually a real example from overlap
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in a single in a single me a a sample and of course
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we have one feel for me what what we don't really good is
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when he knows stuff locals we found wispy sees impeded me these and all meetings but we found in the same
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in the same sample when different this train of uh stuff look
00:07:30
repeated means um for different strains of stuff if available on me
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by pull feel gel electrophoresis upon that'll by moody look was sick sequence a typing
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and of course it's a strange provides complimentary for sure
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they have they don't enforce john functions but also complimentary functions
00:07:48
so the next slide is that kind of serious like but just to show the importance of these this train levitt
00:07:55
so these are human estranged or or even some of you can be found here around it
00:08:05
so there are not human beings that that event tickle or we all of us we have
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some properties such things that we do but there's something that we do brown for of course
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othello ways othello where genetic complexity for example different strains of the
00:08:22
stuff you know but we should be the media's has different properties
00:08:25
so this is important for some for for the what you already know but t.
00:08:28
v. up when we're talking about that you know but they're yeah we have to show
00:08:31
a stray eternal therapy yeah at this train level not that
00:08:35
they've given us pieces level they didn't label or the from eleven
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so i'm going to talk now about a little bit about the reading of of human bacteria uh_huh
00:08:46
and we know a that is a huge potential of
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more there to clean fun transfer all of of all bacteria
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well still different roles i told some of then controversy
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about all there will define a typical eh wrote so
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how the chinese or not only indicates the colour for the ice not only in the states
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the the the eighteen human genes of course but he's also and nathan's
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all but the audience because the outer for for more than two two two two baby uh_huh but of course
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apart from the mother micro come come come from everywhere everywhere we
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come have in mind so all the all the rest of the family
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sometimes else nastiest begins a sentence would work
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but of course any other place from them determined from other animals or i
00:09:37
i don't know from a or anything you may have been in mine uh_huh
00:09:41
and of course breastfeeding is a body means a body rolls already
00:09:45
strong body intense physical contact between the mother and the and the infant
00:09:51
well anything you want one two three and of course all the
00:09:55
babies either born by by by didn't back maybe but not everybody
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aboard by c. section they got quite but bacteria when they are
00:10:02
you work at at at that time mm and of course for example
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there are previous study showing that there is a certain degree of me fro back within that that after me it action
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so for somebody with with thick when we think about extra fertile couples
00:10:18
i mean he's better rich enough to talk was not particularly of two groups they need these and sally but use eh is
00:10:25
that the posse so when we think i about these these microbes
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we always thing in into one mouse or in the next offerings
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but they had no many studies if there'd be our belief we think
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that is the logical a it's all of these kind of all but it
00:10:41
and of course also some related example c. d. but if you have such a fraud yoko we're an untrue uh_huh
00:10:48
however is typical see i'm not not the only leaving in
00:10:53
the oral cavity they are leaving in all the digits detroit
00:10:56
we come from them in the colour we come from them in the store mike we component at different places
00:11:02
and we have we got some that that in our lap so
00:11:04
when that there is typical see enclosed room bit before that succeeding
00:11:10
so a we don't know it they they come from the informal to the mean to them including funk
00:11:17
mouth i most probably there are two ways a a gas at the same time symbolically but anyway uh_huh
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that's a few few one cycle we probably is this this
00:11:28
paper working about the microbe iota of human break almost new
00:11:33
and then we collected samples from a seventeen mother infant pairs
00:11:38
sample of particulars plump for these kind of really good reviews before
00:11:41
the liberty in in a few percent the tools or women uh_huh
00:11:46
we also collected or else what's all the babies and then we study by couture depend then
00:11:52
rolling in colombia i've got an even define they isolate the bible it off
00:11:57
and also a micro by young it start uh_huh and look you can find that most of the data that we found
00:12:05
in the in the in fun mouse where already in the particles from
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eh examples uh_huh and when we short dependent studies and in the pipeline
00:12:15
we shot a potential saving office thing in fourteen i'll or the seventeen it bears
00:12:21
not only a sceptical to us to talk about family values are typical committees but also for example is tough look
00:12:27
would be the news some sense somewhere here so we
00:12:30
need more genome sequencing of all the the the the isolates
00:12:35
we that we found at this and this is usually the boat in the modern or
00:12:39
on the info on a sample and we found that in most of the mother infant pairs
00:12:45
they wore stuff looks typical girl on the stuff local police trained isolated imply colours from
00:12:50
an later in the almost including new is to talk about this disease that would appear
00:12:55
will people realise it shortly so we know that these way
00:13:01
then the or a it may of course and of course this way can
00:13:05
also of course and he's he's loaded bodyguard might there there there is no study
00:13:09
so in this way so far and i hope we can also provide that uh
00:13:13
in in the next month or of course it's like on social but tedious or
00:13:19
do they really mean tall and i i i i'd i'd dollars well that
00:13:24
the human mean is very rich in the stuff locals particularly in probably is
00:13:28
negative or stuff mainly stuff look across repeated news but also in probably the
00:13:31
bacterium coding about him and of course for example my a a mongol midlands
00:13:37
these are the bird roughly these uh e. limping and see and it
00:13:41
contains these kind of bacteria and you know the scheme in the nipple in
00:13:45
the material as the rolls royce is logical tons the looking at the centre
00:13:50
for of the standard bacteria from the screen to the to to the milk
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oh they're just to think about that a white stuff look
00:13:59
good to be a pretty nice is always considered just asking species
00:14:03
and maybe we'll do fine as applicable to be the media's is i seen condemnation
00:14:08
does that have coffee mine that this stuff you look stupid in a
00:14:11
pretty nice it's call these because was first isolated in the in the
00:14:15
you know just example but these can be isolated from the mouse complicity
00:14:19
from they got from the mean from dividing up from it almost everywhere
00:14:24
from uh going from you and your date with from the prostate from the signal dylan's drop
00:14:30
of course a castle have in mind than the hike this concentration in the in the human
00:14:34
body of just also probably is negative or start adding they got i'm not in this thing
00:14:39
of course we have in the scheme as well mm anyway independently on where stuff local c. just available to come from
00:14:46
we have to know that the the the the memory impairment
00:14:50
is quite sweet suitable for this kind of mike or microbes
00:14:53
i just think that the money laundry in late pregnancy and lactation is a bit complex little system
00:15:00
and and these are kind of cut to the like system and we know that this stuff local stuff
00:15:05
i'll i'll be a high problem you need to run a
00:15:08
on other places because they can contaminate a the graffiti isn't
00:15:12
this kind of thing and sauce on the and the girl doubling of you having the displays to to to to to be
00:15:19
but also we know that the money gland produce a lot don't reach biological fruit
00:15:24
and stuff local sinister to proceed by a bleep dynamics we see we can see
00:15:29
that they are they want the microbes with the most efficient gallup polls levels metabolism
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and also a van mcmullen also produce ah if human me only go separates and also a discussion about
00:15:42
to go for some people always knew that these are stuff they can use quite efficiently humanly only also correct
00:15:48
of course so so at the end of the day is not the strange that stuff a local see maybe the domain and but did yeah
00:15:54
in this little samples obviously babies for the first week off live page
00:16:01
a fifteen years ago we probably is also this paper and what
00:16:05
it does describe in describing the presence of lactic acid bacteria human maybe
00:16:11
and is about to yeah that we we didn't expect to
00:16:14
to do fine in human made because a a wheel on fine
00:16:17
in this thing we don't fine at the beginning in the role models so they already in was quite puzzling for for us
00:16:25
so just knowing that we in a collaboration with the hospital in an adult you need a in a hospital in muddy
00:16:32
a we collected what they collected a lot of putting that body not as samples to
00:16:37
see to try to to to we'll see they where this these microbes come come come from
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pro at from any of the crew it too but you know this what in any kind of all material and when
00:16:47
we with our attention was focused only on lactic acid bacteria
00:16:51
on of corn of course genotype in at this train eh levitt
00:16:55
and then we found that the the profile of this but to get him but
00:16:58
you know x. with a in the press the screen and the main was completely different
00:17:03
for example the bungalow sedate we found last what feels good part which is any units that said it and so on
00:17:09
investment as volume bases can we could not isolate left about feeling
00:17:13
even we speak it is on this kind of or of techniques
00:17:17
and in the maybe we also found different different i. s. p. c. and different strings however
00:17:24
yeah we we we've we've fine shading of restraint human time of u. c.s in
00:17:29
me and also in the evening and in the infirm feces and later on we show
00:17:34
for the first time last when they saw rachel not only a lot because about the about the video but the other thing
00:17:39
that are if the hon so the press and impressed me is even more puzzling that the that both of looked about to lose
00:17:47
because i tested and all these kind these kind of things
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so but to get communities existing human me is keen on offerings
00:17:54
can't make sure some follow types but also my door difference
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can be observed so what these differences what the back to get
00:18:03
come come our initial that the suit yes then maybe answer was in the guard nowadays we know that for
00:18:10
example the oral models with the the oracle would be the most somebody else orderly buttons for for for t. v.
00:18:15
but but at that time um anyway we didn't know what this thing is a hell but
00:18:22
somebody yeah me reach the muslin so in then get ninety nine and your two thousand one
00:18:28
a couple of papers appear that baby what was i kind of liked eh for us
00:18:34
this is a particularly this paper show that button that the tick like
00:18:39
so's i can sample comments or bacteria in the lemon of l. c. calls
00:18:45
then go too long appropriate on this great i spread too distant eh organs or
00:18:51
so immediately this india we say and uh i still don't know power out to the lab where these model
00:18:58
was propose just to study these would happen eh with displaying alleys
00:19:03
it's the displayed or somebody yeah from the got to them again
00:19:07
yeah our idea what's that that it that it was a kind of bacteria into memory abroad
00:19:13
so it's some bacteria may interact within the t. cells of microphones is this kind of or a bacteria and then
00:19:20
go across the mess intuitively know on through that but i think that they appear in in in in the mid
00:19:27
does having as we mine that at that time we were participating in it i would be appropriate
00:19:32
yes they for a accord that they're trying to trying to create a collection of a
00:19:38
different attitude restraint in this question there were more than four hundred different ability to sustain
00:19:45
and and most almost up what they're all then have been isolated for human brought of just the it people
00:19:52
and they and they belong to different interesting different species uh_huh
00:19:58
so it seems that that the t. cells watching the me they'll all well a key element for uh what explanation
00:20:04
so in that yeah two thousand and one as well it we have i have a meeting in london without a statement
00:20:11
i think maybe some of you maybe you know i've well i think maybe is the only
00:20:15
person winning the nobel prize that they know that he won the nobel prize because he died
00:20:21
see that before the official communication all the all the committee i got
00:20:24
in a but anyway we have a meeting with them thirty minute meet meeting
00:20:28
and i are we a brief and aware that that and if you say no
00:20:33
it makes sense for full of to to me i don't know if you are right or do our problem but it
00:20:37
does deserve to be we do we start so does it go ahead and then we got it if we went it
00:20:44
so do not entity shows i'm on the professional and pigeon presenting solos
00:20:48
it when they are not no not they they have a problem shape
00:20:52
and a they are there for and didn't in sampling on an uptake
00:20:56
when they when they happen activation for example for the person of of micro they did this didn't rights
00:21:04
i've created and they got a big it might make that already ability
00:21:10
so our first or that it was to know what's happened when good put together in the same sample
00:21:16
a exchange rate for whom i mean and then the tick lie says we have a study these
00:21:21
using for different eh identity eh like still a lines
00:21:26
a one from the spleen of of mice it one eighty one cell line
00:21:31
from from from the lab and also into case is a human me so
00:21:36
sorry a then they dig like sellers eh obtain from from a
00:21:41
human brought on the fixated in the in the in the lab
00:21:45
but the results have been quite similar with all the for the for different eh it type of sows
00:21:51
so we put together a mature than did excels and different bacteria isolated from whom i make
00:21:57
and we found that just after up some a few minutes appear to to have these eh
00:22:03
this didn't rise this kind of thing just changes in the more for in the more for the
00:22:07
but also from the fusion not functional going or do you eh eh we we check
00:22:13
to some pro things that are characteristic of activated then the t. cells such as
00:22:18
the the the my do we still go but he is to go back to the class eh it's it's it won't see system class too and also
00:22:24
the course to mentor d. b. seven protein and all the other kind of
00:22:27
proteins and we'll so that ins in most of the cases a large quantity
00:22:33
of the of the didn't it excels become became activated the
00:22:37
the the inspiration these these eh eh eh it markers so
00:22:41
we so we show our so suggested that the the the
00:22:46
count that we did this material with much to the distilled
00:22:49
the difference yet what activity activity into too much work the taxes
00:22:54
so our second objective just to see is like because the but yep
00:22:58
contrasts rotate through any pity on it in the absence of that reduces
00:23:03
in this kind of it trance will become party mental is is ten uh_huh we had bacteria in the article compartment
00:23:10
and then what we it's so is that there is no but the daughters location
00:23:15
in the absence of the duty excel or something in contrast when we had a a
00:23:20
telepathic unique ego like staying there was some mosquitos location and we can phone or high
00:23:26
concentration in the bustle got out a compartment so the first the the following is that
00:23:32
was to know it they said that the t. cell right one battery altercation so in the same model uh_huh we had it
00:23:40
the d. t. cells label with orange target we're the bacteria label with v. c.
00:23:47
with a first rate and so just to check it these may happens
00:23:53
which a by frost eternity by a different kind of a must grow
00:23:57
microscopy techniques also like one focal microscopy we label like a good tool sales
00:24:02
didn't play by that people with painting and also the tech boom shown that
00:24:05
proteins in the big ocean by a first and the and and people this
00:24:10
and then we saw this kind of of of of features
00:24:13
a photograph stroll you can see how the these this is
00:24:17
i looked over to lose what is just a i six you and you can see i'm sorry
00:24:22
you can see they attached to the t. cells and hell didn't rights are clearly eh is seen
00:24:29
but also clear you can see how this interaction between the mature cells identity says
00:24:34
our buddy buddy buddy specific info at our body specific cell to cell
00:24:39
uh_huh this kind of of interest i mean this can or moderate income forgot it more that you can see here the nuclear
00:24:45
of the cuckoo to chose the what did i do shun proteins label with these
00:24:50
for us and and you can see that the bacteria are always attach this but to get our our way
00:24:55
at that too didn't it excels in the boss a lot about a compound uh_huh this was they they they they
00:25:03
the the p. d. disease or one of the uh what to give you a student what percent it in the year two thousand and six uh_huh
00:25:10
i like that we wanted to know it does that we so in in between models
00:25:15
happen in real life and the first was to to to to study these in mice in my small that
00:25:20
so we have these these plus meet p. d. d.
00:25:24
to cease to without warmth graphical resistant in a weeklong
00:25:28
i didn't have from in that these artificial it that's a lesson in its
00:25:32
use in nature so we could we grow the space in these a bit talk
00:25:36
we gave what we introduce with are from a bacteria strains isolated from whom i mean we gave
00:25:43
when the lights fifteen days previous to the to to to the levy tend to do eight only
00:25:49
for many units to it and then this was uh at that time there was a problem uh_huh
00:25:54
you know we were worried about that affirmation other strain this
00:25:57
kind of thing but we didn't think about how to make nice
00:26:03
for was a appeal of brainstorming in the lab or any kind waltzing of course at the another they we
00:26:11
speak a memory biopsies that's probably the potential contamination coming
00:26:16
from from this is all all those i mean those
00:26:19
and then we we play them the this material included funny call containing plates
00:26:24
i might be easier we could detect these fragment in the in in the in the work in the minds of
00:26:30
these group but not in the control in england or would that they would be close to to to each other
00:26:37
more recently we have use b. dimensional in people you might insistence using
00:26:42
the looks up they don't just before all these these these these bacteria
00:26:46
we also tried from two species of lactic acid bacteria and we check that they were below
00:26:53
me since i've upon upon transformation this is a paper but her was probably site will last year
00:27:00
and then we found that just immediately after after inoculation you find here a big staying
00:27:07
in the stomach the of course but then this a these signal disappear and you find bacteria
00:27:14
in other places inside the body but of course you can also find
00:27:18
them in deep in my money biopsies the the these luminescence bacteria and
00:27:23
of course you find them in the mid what i it when the
00:27:27
disease call it so finally we wanted to know it does happens in women
00:27:32
so of course we cannot use labelled genetically maybe but yeah so use to
00:27:37
different strains one left about the rest of us train and one that allows you to sully busting balls isolated from human make
00:27:43
we gave to do like dating women and then initially we checked depression bipolar
00:27:49
only hybrid issue using a lot of what to do for the body sprawled
00:27:52
and that was to look at it does help that's any pro and we of course found that some of the but the
00:27:57
uh person we belong to desist disease later by pull feel a
00:28:01
little phrases we found that the bacteria we gave back oral route
00:28:05
the in this case the left was usually but you was also present in the milk and also the lot
00:28:10
was louis suggesting what also person in any of course
00:28:14
on local station uh_huh in the year two thousand and five
00:28:18
i was invited by it what what you've been working then the nestle because he he was into it
00:28:24
a a it sounds interesting to him about the home be
00:28:28
at all so i yeah i can do for at work
00:28:31
and then he told me i don't be what i i don't last too much but
00:28:36
i'm going to check so i'm going to check and they do they only speak i it's
00:28:39
a essays and they show shady no bacteria from or they're able to do all the samples
00:28:46
these as light as we use only for use the the the the same on this paper
00:28:50
eh they show these not only for the future what did yeah but also by
00:28:53
forest of local should be getting the financial for us to talk to somebody was uh_huh
00:28:57
so that that maybe a feature article but together probation pro got to the machine please note
00:29:03
on the the the thing that was published in the year two thousand on on sit uh_huh
00:29:09
of course we know that there is a pulse incredible saying this a duty in from
00:29:14
from fertility jaunt with anybody at the embryo on this the to the level but of course
00:29:19
but i live there are a lot all's incredible saying he's in in
00:29:23
in women got adaptation of every two or three or then maybe system
00:29:28
for for for the paper and see for a live future lactation and the this imports
00:29:34
for example the gastrointestinal tract but but but from the mall today to to
00:29:38
to to to the column also device colours diverse crowd system the cardiovascular system
00:29:43
of course the new system also they will settles and of
00:29:47
course the mammary glands and all this adaptation without no exception
00:29:53
fables of physiological transportation putting these estates will also liked and these doesn't mean
00:30:00
and in discriminate does location asked instead of buttons do that are broken all the the
00:30:06
the the the get a pretty young is just a delegate and selective and wait what what
00:30:12
a buddy buddy i i think very complex eh it but wait
00:30:16
in boarding complex interest young between my crosby toward with it b. c.
00:30:20
l. cells between users which are i don't know i present largely
00:30:25
unknown oppressive push but that's for some but that's you can see here
00:30:31
the memory learn often on pregnant women and the moment it none
00:30:34
of up women have a small supremacy just to tour is completely different
00:30:39
because of huge and fuel fantasies process that are taking inside the moment learn
00:30:45
so it's a completely different structure you can't he you can see here in the t. v. l.
00:30:49
fails you can see oppressors how they are here so baby baby baby close to the muddy it that's
00:30:58
not as location is not an unusual thing is i think that happened i with a nice maybe they
00:31:05
but that's about baby baby baby low the right uh_huh and for example
00:31:09
eh these is i work from that lurked a a group they they they blow up
00:31:15
a system to monitor or depression or be futile but deliberate in mice in the well uh_huh
00:31:21
and they fine the fall and if that is has been repeatedly found in other lots
00:31:26
that for example if you like to yeah we don't know why they
00:31:30
able to to moore's use only two more and it's ultimate remote are
00:31:34
very increase in the future but i didn't let me yes right this
00:31:39
summary of the the s. i. c. d.'s of articles for this group
00:31:43
if not or an extension of the common so non pathogenic be baby resisting to my special
00:31:49
get into the location from they can dusting attract with subsequent coming to and application specifically into more
00:31:55
i later similar to into being a administration
00:32:00
report and these will be support for a list for a
00:32:03
two weeks into more mice remain healthy through all the experiments
00:32:09
cycle paying analyses indicate indicated as significant up regulation of inter program on
00:32:15
in the cast notably feedback to get feedback a mikes which
00:32:18
is associated with increase in the p. t. v. l. a. permeability
00:32:22
b. b. the thing did not increase system in levels of all the comments all the bacteria
00:32:27
press and off to more was not necessary for current location to seized eh to systemic organised local and defeat
00:32:34
findings indicate potential for safe and efficient didn't base three
00:32:39
men that they should have to watch this kind of stuff
00:32:42
and this is not exclusive for basic about that yeah you know these i
00:32:46
probably they they all this eh or wyatt existing go like you sell nineteen seventeen
00:32:52
and these eh these work show that i didn't get ugly in doing it
00:32:57
easy easy staying with alex said a gene is they they the most sensitive
00:33:05
we way too that it it but the methods that says because all the ability
00:33:10
to transfer okay to the lever to be in breach in may test that's used and after
00:33:15
a clip of a certain so straight then give at the local or put it with you
00:33:22
well all of anybody willing to the provincial colour to morse and
00:33:26
defer norman has we not suited to at least three different factor
00:33:30
because i still pressed emails or billions with the the the the two more because of the two more cute best reputation
00:33:36
and also because and increases at the ability of napkins in the new product to mark or so i just we thing
00:33:43
this in fact or are present in the moment england building like bring the c. and we let them do the notation
00:33:49
so these are physiological you move the perfume a state that is
00:33:54
a huge i feel tennessee's browsers go going on and that is
00:33:59
a lot of mood yes for these kind of like the soul does have a
00:34:04
condition that me forever home in order to deal with the material and green pieces stages
00:34:10
of course i i have talked about the design and the potential oregon from the mother
00:34:15
but of course they got back to yeah that are not coming from the more uh not for the family
00:34:20
for example maternal and from many sources of but to get to the meat
00:34:25
usually involve grandpa city but if you're into two ten two three relatively small amounts of that for example
00:34:34
even is is i'm i'm i'm on this pump in the mic mean is is real reason we what the what the
00:34:41
on time microbes usually at the high get concentration that naturally
00:34:45
person in it and usually they're them possibly but the ideas
00:34:49
and have a very high percentage of captain to see colony forming
00:34:52
units per millilitre also where the hague in during my email collection
00:34:56
so i mean that simplicity humanly my toyota is also very important the sampling
00:35:02
a property do so because you also can can can mislead in in this
00:35:06
kind of studies so now for the next two hours i want but i
00:35:12
know that there's a the the the the second part is about the potential uses
00:35:16
of of of the knowledge in human might might provide them and then him
00:35:23
i must say i think something that has been told before here that when we're studying me i thought war
00:35:30
is that is a good to distinguish between the rolls over to yeah and the roles of all the new component
00:35:35
because most of the time they are a lot of seats in the distinct synergistic
00:35:40
actions defeat is difficult to to to to separate to the to the seventy eight so
00:35:45
that's not an example they are more many compounds with anti microbial activity on all
00:35:51
the kind of activity mm issues as on the slide so when the same for gas
00:35:56
does focus on two component of the human mean or because of
00:35:59
that i some bacteria how they can share different eh eh roles
00:36:04
in the in this in the uh_huh and of course we know that there are many factors that may more related maybe microbial tough
00:36:11
plus five dormitory all fucked or environmental factor sorting it only got fucked
00:36:14
or medical stopped or anything you can have in mind some of them
00:36:19
ah but if you don't of them we know something about that more so than we don't know
00:36:23
what what what did that the relevance of so any kind of thing you can think do about uh_huh
00:36:31
but that you know they we meant with different me microbial profiles may have
00:36:35
and more money michael volume is something like opinion they got so it's very
00:36:39
difficult to to the the fine i'm normal a got microbial that only because
00:36:45
of for what the names of the microphones that we we we have there
00:36:50
so if the competition may not serve to define a healthy human mean
00:36:53
micro i don't how can we define as as humanly michael i don't
00:36:57
i guess that the answer is in the roles which road
00:37:00
we sped for us 'cause the eh if human me microbial
00:37:05
if this is a more than one century ago but i can use the same dish and
00:37:14
and of course we can isolate and we have a huge collection of
00:37:18
s. things from human meat from different is basis for visiting the rules
00:37:23
and we know that they can have set sets several properties but of
00:37:27
course i get these properties i just say yeah but uh we have the
00:37:31
norm analysis what did they do we we have a hinge sequence of so
00:37:35
many of these are strange i we can we can found body fat bellies
00:37:40
the only kelly nice they let the really nice it rolls uh_huh
00:37:45
and you know when we talk about a few mommy bacteria
00:37:49
and the roles for babies we usually think in the babies
00:37:53
yeah and of course we we also do we have a study in a way
00:37:57
that or maybe for a pretend babies in a see the a moderately instant answer
00:38:03
and also in in some eh respiratory tract disease like brutality to buy it the
00:38:08
spirit or using security together by bible from this kind of things however i'm sorry
00:38:14
i i guess what i want to use one example that these focus on the
00:38:18
more that because we usually mothers have just forgotten inside if you want the best
00:38:24
linda station is a kind of orphan organ because nobody is to the
00:38:28
studies one that is has problems these additions takes is ah is ah
00:38:33
is an organ that science has not go inside and yeah i think
00:38:38
he's require uh_huh so when in in in normal condition is healthy conditions
00:38:45
we'll probably see in human examples a high diversity but at at low concentration uh_huh however when
00:38:52
the for somebody must ideas we we can see that the the city is very very very reduce
00:38:58
but the constraints which one is a high is up to ten to six already forming units per meal
00:39:03
this means that had a memory that is filled up with bacteria that not no no room for asking the
00:39:09
a. s. anymore and in this case it's some stuff uh koch is difficult just article seats are the main
00:39:16
a goal for this kind of of pros and we can see these like which are traditional put a message
00:39:21
for example here is a healthy sample is on the me
00:39:25
and you can see some stuff local t. indies a sample
00:39:29
but for some to look this this case of q. must ideas and so but you must ideas that they maybe didn't it
00:39:35
yeah a a eh yeah a thousand times contains the c.
00:39:39
but yeah that and you did some close enough healthy holes
00:39:43
also we can see by optical microscopy but by normal
00:39:47
that is not a microscopic techniques here to can sink uh_huh
00:39:51
in a in a case almost ideas how that is i'll large number of of
00:39:58
of the stuff that are also pieces they got it if you know search because of course there is some information
00:40:03
and and in the previous thought they would talk about e. a. a coded but but
00:40:08
and you do fine although you can't you cannot see here but they all the back to get a full of i. d. a.
00:40:13
uh are on we don't know why we don't know for about it this is the fact they they are
00:40:19
a coated with these uh antibodies and what is already and
00:40:22
then this is for some but uh preparation form healthy a breast
00:40:26
you can see but yeah but of course the number is much much much the lower
00:40:31
of course we also can see by micro but on the like the techniques for some part of this is from my quite a lot
00:40:37
a a case of a recurrent a much like these
00:40:41
so when these must like this the diversity is almost lost
00:40:44
and then when the colour in liberty mm diversity is increasing one one is feeling well is maximal
00:40:50
the diversity but again is lost and then you have another episode all of my state these uh_huh
00:40:58
in a information eh reports has also shown that the
00:41:02
comfy in previous abilities that must take these women have low
00:41:06
weight but to go to basically in place abundance of opportunistic
00:41:08
pathogens and depletion of comments or obligates and on the ropes
00:41:14
so i think it's i am afraid that humour must be this effect i know of ice or i mean most of the cases that are my own house
00:41:21
our because layout i could most ideas with what clear eh clinic
00:41:25
out a scene comes through the the baseline this this kind of stuff
00:41:30
most of the but but but most of the cases are we don't to to use
00:41:35
to this part of the of the a supper and then actually and and and what you would chronic
00:41:40
i'm not arbitrary turns or trends that are proposed by the national library of medicine
00:41:45
and this part of base but is it since you have to understand that your
00:41:48
the pathogen issues or must ideas about that the lionel this but also to improve
00:41:53
statement determines when there is a painful misleading that or a station so
00:41:57
when we have acted must type is most of the cases case locals
00:42:01
like stuff locals our existing of course there is an infection proliferation of the s. a. s.
00:42:06
a. stuff our wheels produce from one to seven out of genes in the muddy eight issue
00:42:13
eh of course this it all seems are responsible for getting a information and the
00:42:19
rest is so cute she that's what x. then most of the talking are optional
00:42:25
they go to the broad stream and then to do to get
00:42:28
a systemic symptoms like i i do like a disease and of course
00:42:34
you can see a here but but of course in some cases not only outlaws also another or other
00:42:40
or the a bacteria but some cases two or three percent of
00:42:44
cases they might lead to do but to love best upsets uh_huh
00:42:49
these are here that he that part of the i swear usually because like
00:42:54
what race negatively stuff or if that's what it what we're finding is always contamination
00:42:59
but it's not the same to have one hundred that had one medium that the mediator of all these different
00:43:05
for and so they they the beginning is the same but the thing is that when when
00:43:09
they increased inside the memory that they have a
00:43:12
huge ability for buffy information and also huge ability
00:43:16
for antibiotic resistance not only because of the presence
00:43:19
of a of a a antibiotic resistant genes but
00:43:23
also because the form this by offering that these are a form of onto monte microbiologist and itself
00:43:29
so i usually become like rain chronic infection that he's not obscene saudis nobody's
00:43:35
asked it i reckon this that is not selecting additional three buddy buddy right
00:43:40
but that the this is why they are wylie and the right that and it i don't know
00:43:45
so this case that is being politically what is maybe the normal way is
00:43:49
not the normal way up high concentration of these can about the article stages would
00:43:53
be much is more so this one has not driven this but has pain
00:43:57
neither lighting bombing pain and has i think autumn and in the in the breast
00:44:03
tobias lose out a key player in the in the passage images of these down off of of conditions
00:44:10
and you may say to me that it's difficult repeated news is elemental species and you are right
00:44:16
it not only get committed this busy sometimes can be up all your tickets
00:44:19
pieces that a strains of calls it's difficult repeatedly is that can compete with our
00:44:24
views with just a talk with your guinness with other mike roles that are
00:44:27
pathogenic so they might even plate will be able to eat like it rolls however
00:44:33
we also know that it's difficult to be that in is is one of the most important opportunities buttons not only that that their
00:44:40
effect on but for example impact your own if name in friday's
00:44:43
or document maybe like this or this kind of of of conditions
00:44:47
so the fact that b. b. b. behave as recommends out or offered any constraint
00:44:53
may depend on the closest correlate the big already this thing
00:44:57
the the properties of the strain and also of course they concentration
00:45:02
you can see here eh this is a biopsy of a moment none
00:45:05
of us healthy women without no problem at all and you can find
00:45:09
bacteria to confine it costly to confine as more wrote but that that
00:45:13
is more concentration and of course you can fuck you can see here then
00:45:17
just attach to the fight bulls off of milk what they
00:45:21
got into concentrate uh_huh but does look to the speech or
00:45:26
the sum of money that with that stuff look what'd be the midi is a must like these these are huge by often
00:45:32
a lot of extra bodies like the right a lot of extra things all this kind of stuff so this is a four
00:45:38
of persistent to this close emu just an an also is uh is uh is our weight
00:45:43
to receive anti microbial source that's not as an example but of
00:45:48
course it was some of these restraints that are resistant we a
00:45:51
sorry it some dishes finished thing we cultivating the lab we at
00:45:56
i. b. telecom antibiotic to the court doodles medium they crossed even better
00:46:00
they they can you can't evaluate it as a as a couple souls so so when when when when
00:46:06
the the uh what other sources i don't of course by michael microscope ali let's talk a little bit
00:46:11
the to mexico you can see is uh like they did
00:46:13
the digital bits is considered like of course when we isolate
00:46:21
a a a shitty bacteria they they are destroyed by the body and the
00:46:26
material and also when uh_huh so we know this and that some kinds sometimes
00:46:32
we found but to get that assistant will move everything just because the deans
00:46:36
or because body of information but then you are right to these kind of situations
00:46:42
it is one of the teachers that i did that i like the most
00:46:44
people what do you do you have to command incorporate or something like that too
00:46:51
so and this happens for a we have to check for alternatives and the one that we
00:46:56
had hand at that time what the use of provider kicks so very rapidly we use these
00:47:02
the purples frame from the workers organisation and the file to slip and to proof
00:47:07
with with a one first eh a clinical trial is more
00:47:12
technical director with a placebo we found a statistically significant differences
00:47:16
we waited a it all of by that that if i get asians midwife to please continue
00:47:22
with this clinical trial we did a second trial they ethical committee that the at that time
00:47:27
eh didn't allow us to have a possible because all that's out for
00:47:31
the previews eh it trial so they get all us to include a
00:47:35
pointer will be punished antibiotics normal even in in remote parties well even
00:47:40
to women with these problems so we we we we found large differences
00:47:46
a. b. fourteen men after enough that women both in in in in the microbial
00:47:51
towns and also in the in the feeling of pain of of of of women
00:47:56
so anyone or you want to to to to know more bass uh out that wrote the company ha
00:48:02
or produce eyes more video three three minutes in seeming is the spring better than me in i
00:48:06
live for i don't know what about this is true so late to within a prevention or study
00:48:13
indeed in tennessee and the results also what weight white white quite nice we have checked for for that
00:48:19
kind of markers of course we can we come from marketing talked about again count car count informatics else count
00:48:25
in in in probably more for nuclear a local sites and this kind of things
00:48:30
but it we we also checked for it markers in the you mean the double meat market
00:48:35
and he was a double blind eh trial but at the end of the study we we found that before that in men
00:48:40
and after the propriety can take well completely different here at this
00:48:44
point i mean i'm here to find a lot of lot all's
00:48:49
because that and the ability of the bit that more money be to you is
00:48:51
lost and then you find with a little you in but when they did mentality
00:48:56
or the the all that if you use a studies again then that is no lot told you do you enjoy some good market for this kind
00:49:03
or a big market we also the transcript domain that's that
00:49:06
documents from the cells in the broad jails and also the mixes
00:49:10
and in the case of the mixers because in the process we don't find nothing eh is seen
00:49:15
statistically is a a different but in the in the make a somewhat excels we found that eh initially
00:49:23
we found out over this person of pathways inboard instilled it it it it
00:49:27
gets apologies eh information these kind of things while at the the two men that
00:49:32
he is an overt expression of part ways inboard enormous approaches sufficiency stands this
00:49:39
kind of stuff the serving police a few months ago so so just to finish
00:49:45
much like these can be a yet to become an unexpected frustrating hard expedient but these
00:49:52
just consider i kind of second third class you actually maybe because you guys will mentally
00:49:58
attention so they they have two options don't complain at all that you keep their fit in
00:50:03
sometimes i guess the opinion of that that the addition we didn't deformity or gas given up eh
00:50:08
in addition to have a fair way that these guys hitting what right right right right to clean
00:50:13
so these quite nice cartoon from western university or foster yep it uh_huh
00:50:21
much like this is the first medical research on to a stop
00:50:25
listed in early than the than expected and we know they they they
00:50:30
maybe they is more clear recognition to be a a lot further with we are born and i will help when we
00:50:35
are exactly so i think most ideas is awful is not
00:50:40
like just like this kind of thing is a political issue
00:50:45
yes to finish i think i'm one of my lexus is strange i'd like to present here in this as light
00:50:51
our present sorted knowledge on the my money the human me michael a lot
00:50:58
so that is not much home i need we instructional yes a
00:51:04
small nobody's bought it the chase and j. d. so there isn't it
00:51:09
or a lot of research i like very much also this refugee in mandating i work
00:51:14
or in the past i have some doubts now i don't know maybe it is can define might as well might at present situation
00:51:22
scientists the situation so he's a local research he's he's he's requires work place
00:51:27
i just point here the adding multi mode used i thing from i also
00:51:31
knew orgies biochemistry but he's each are what you would do come to these
00:51:36
the feel for people who are now at present it working in a lot
00:51:41
and thank you very much for that much sure
00:51:53
oh sure how many things to say but anyway
00:51:57
and congratulations with your been thinking of origin milk you sure
00:52:02
how to collect your email probably simple you cannot squeeze the current and so on but to let the box during the meal
00:52:10
like the parks have lights for guess what we we we would either what with this in a few weeks
00:52:18
we collect is an example fifty four or from from from the mines but also we have
00:52:25
this problem that maybe a fickle contamination yeah i can change the the the the data
00:52:30
so eh we call it a me from the graphic biggest according to how the part
00:52:35
and also we perform a a eh my money biopsies of the of the mikes
00:52:41
and the second icons and but it's sure proportion of children how will
00:52:45
secrete milk so called matches uh which is no no i jane it nothing
00:52:51
have you ever looked at the microphone of which is now what we're we're looking forward to that
00:52:57
you're not you know when we were talking about you are they working on human me michael volume
00:53:01
you find a lot of strange things that you never think about that because i i mean that is a eh
00:53:08
two three the yes they'd all a to have a separate note for for
00:53:13
you find nineteen ninety ninety years or women with machetes and you find microbes inside
00:53:19
okay eh so and this is not not not not expected unexpected
00:53:23
but when you are working on this kind of thing up sometime because
00:53:26
without say what i want to send you this person because i don't know what's happening for and you find bacteria in these in these p.
00:53:33
and for example when that is a a sometimes that someone women's has
00:53:37
prowling the breast and he's going to that with a protein a big
00:53:41
sometimes at that time to confine bacteria inside so
00:53:51
any other questions
00:53:54
this or that was that
00:53:56
comprehensive lecture
00:54:00
ah ah ah ah

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