The 2018 Annual Conference of the Swiss Society of Neonatology is entitled Hot Topics in Neonatology intending to update all professionals taking care of newborn infants. The content focused on two main topics: 1) Pros and cons of new, less invasive respiratory support strategies such as high ow nasal canula and less invasive surfactant administration 2) Use of stem cell therapy in perinatology. The purpose of this conference was to launch the discussion between clinicians, key experts and internationally reknown speakers. Young pediatricians and neonatologists as well as nurses, midwives and obstetricians actively participated and presented their research.